Lesson 4 Uself PDF

Lesson 4 Uself The Self as a Cognitive Construction: Self-awareness is shaped by our thoughts, memories, and experiences. It evolves as we gain new information and reinterpret past events. Example: After performing well in a group project, you might start seeing yourself as a strong team player,...

Lesson 4 Uself The Self as a Cognitive Construction: Self-awareness is shaped by our thoughts, memories, and experiences. It evolves as we gain new information and reinterpret past events. Example: After performing well in a group project, you might start seeing yourself as a strong team player, realizing that you enjoy working with others. William James’ Self Theory: "I" Self: The active, present self (thoughts and actions happening now). Example:When you feel excited about a new opportunity, you’re experiencing your “I” self. When you feel nervous before a presentation, you’re experiencing the “I” self in action. "Me" Self: The stable part of self based on past experiences, traits, and roles (e.g., being a student). example: You see yourself as a diligent student because of your consistent good grades. You see yourself as responsible because you’ve always taken care of your family’s needs. Global vs. Differentiated Model: Global Model: Personality traits remain the same in all situations. Example: Jane is always patient, whether dealing with a coworker or helping a friend. - *Differentiated Model*: Separating your thoughts and feelings from others’. Example: Paul chooses a different career from what his family expects, focusing on his own goals. Carl Rogers’ Self Theory (Real vs. Ideal Self): Real Self: Who you are right now Example: You view yourself as a kind person because you often help your friends. Maria believes she is a responsible student because she completes her assignments on time. Ideal Self: Who you aspire to be Example: Maria’s ideal self is to become a successful teacher who inspires her students. David Lester’s Theory (Multiple vs. Unified Selves): Multiple Selves: Different behaviors in different contexts (e.g., confident at work, shy with friends). Example: At work, Anna is a leader, but at home, she is more laid back. Unified Self: A consistent identity across all situations. Example: Brian always stays calm and collected, whether at work or with friends. Donald Winnicott’s Theory (True vs. False Self): True Self: Your authentic self based on genuine feelings. Example: Mark pursues his passion for writing despite others suggesting a more “practical” career. False Self: A persona created to meet external expectations or avoid rejection. Example: Maria pretends to enjoy partying just to fit in with her friends, though she prefers quiet nights. Albert Bandura’s Concept of Human Agency: Proactive Behavior: Taking action before problems arise (e.g., preparing for exams). Example: Carlos starts studying early to avoid cramming for exams. Agentic Behavior: Controlling your life and actions by setting goals and making decisions (e.g., launching a business). Example: Karen starts her own business, setting plans and taking steps to make it successful. Core Properties of Human Agency: 1. *Intentionality*: Setting and planning goals. Example: Mary sets a goal to improve her fitness and starts following a workout plan. 2. *Forethought*: Anticipating future actions and consequences. Example: Before a big meeting, Jake prepares notes and plans his presentation to ensure success. 3. *Self-reactiveness*: Monitoring and adjusting your actions. Example: During a speech, Tim notices he's speaking too quickly and slows down. 4. *Self-reflection*: Evaluating your progress and making improvements. Example: After a workout, Lisa evaluates her performance and adjusts her routine for better results.