Earthquake Hazards: A Study Guide PDF

DISASTER READINESS and RISK REDUCTION Lesson 3: BASIC CONCEPTS OF HAZARD 1. What is HAZARD? 2. How does a hazard could turn into a disaster? 3. What are the two types of hazards? 4. What is Profiling Hazard? 5. What are the possible impacts of these hazard...

DISASTER READINESS and RISK REDUCTION Lesson 3: BASIC CONCEPTS OF HAZARD 1. What is HAZARD? 2. How does a hazard could turn into a disaster? 3. What are the two types of hazards? 4. What is Profiling Hazard? 5. What are the possible impacts of these hazards on various elements? What do you notice in these pictures?  EARTHQUAK E HAZARDS Prepared by Ms. Renalyn B. Galapati, LPT OBJECTIVES At the end of the discussion, the students will be able to: a. identify various potential earthquake hazards; b. recognize the natural signs of an impending tsunami; c. analyze the effects of the different earthquake hazards; d. interpret different earthquake hazard maps, and e. apply precautionary and safety measures before, during, and after an earthquake. According to Oxford Language: -a sudden and violent shaking of the ground, sometimes causing great destruction, as a result of movements within the earth's crust or volcanic action According to Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS): -originates in tectonic plate boundary -hypocenter- the point inside the earth where the earthquake started -epicenter- the point on the surface of the earth directly above the focus Important terms:  MAGNITUDE -measures the energy released at the source of the earthquake INTENSITY -measures the strength of shaking produced by the earthquake at a certain location -MMS Why does earthquake happen frequently in the Philippines? 1. Geographical location -Pacific Ring of Fire Why does earthquake happen frequently in the Philippines? 1. Geographical location -Pacific Ring of Fire 2.Philippine Fault System -a major inter-related system of geological faults throughout the whole Philippine Archipelago Philippine Fault System 1. GROUND SHAKING -It is caused by the passage of seismic waves. -the intensity of ground shaking depends on the following:  1.geologic makeup of the ground 2.the duration and intensity of the earthquake 3.the proximity of the area to the epicenter 2. GROUND RUPTURE -happens when ground movement happens on a fault line and breaks through to the surface -most of the time fault rupture follows preexisting faults known as zones of weakness 3. liquefaction -occurs when seismic shaking causes loose materials in the soil to mix with groundwater or soil saturated with water -the soil behaves like a quicksand 4. EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED GROUND SUBSIDENCE -subsidence is the lowering of the ground due to various causes 5. TSUNAMI -a Japanese word which means “harbor wave” -generally used to mean series of waves that are generated by a sudden displacement on the ocean floor caused by: 1.large-scale undersea landslide or earthquake;  2.submarine volcanic eruption, or 3.a large meteor crash at sea. 6. EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED LANDSLIDE -landslide may happen during or after an earthquake when a weakend section of land falls off primarily due to gravity  -landslide occur due to gravitational force triggered by ground shaking EARLY WARNING SIGNS OF  EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS Seismometer -an instrument used to measure movements in Earth’s surface -can detect vibrations from seismic waves generated by earthquakes and volcanic eruptions Seismic Waves Seismometer Seismograph -form of energy -p-waves and s-waves (seismometer) -zigzag line vs straight line (seismograph) Earthquake may be predicted to happen but may not be accurately described as to its magnitude and exact timeof occurrence. What should we do then? INTERPRETING  EARTHQUAKE HAZARD MAPS INTERPRETING EARTHQUAKE HAZARD MAPS Precautionary  and Safety Measures BEFORE, DURING, and AFTER an Earthquake BEFORE AN EARTHQUAKE Prepare a survival kit. It should contain at least the following items: bottled water, canned goods and can opener, first-aid kit, battery-powered radio, flashlight with working batteries, and clothes.  Avoid placing breakables on high shelves or cabinets. Check regularly the stability of hanging objects such as ceiling fans and chandeliers. Fasten heavy furniture to the walls or floor. Tall cabinets can be secured by hooking them up against the wall. Know the emergency numbers of the police, rescue, and fire departments. DURING AN EARTHQUAKE: If you are INDOORS: Stay calm. Duck under a sturdy table and protect your head. Remember the DCH method.  DURING AN EARTHQUAKE: If you are INDOORS: Stay away from glass windows and doors, and heavy furniture.  Watch out for falling debris or objects. Never use an elevator to get out of the building. If you are inside the elevator,press the button for the nearest floor and get off immediately. DURING AN EARTHQUAKE: If you are OUTDOORS: Stay clear of buildings, trees, light posts, power lines, and other structures that could fall or collapse on you. If you are in a mountainous area, be alert for falling rocks and other debris.  If you are in acoastal area, move to a higher ground in case a tsunami follows after the earthquake. DURING AN EARTHQUAKE: If you are DRIVING OR INSIDE A CAR: Slow down and turn on the hazard lights to alert other drivers. Stay inside the car until the·shaking stops. Avoid pulling up near or under bridges, overpasses, and power lines that may fall orcollapse. DURING AN EARTHQUAKE: If you are ON A BUS OR A TRAIN:  ·Hold tightly to the strap or handrail. Stay inside and listen to the instructions ofthe train staff.Wait until it is safe to go out ofthe vehicle. AFTER AN EARTHQUAKE: Expect aftershocks, so remain calm. Check yourself and others for injuries. Stay away from downed or damaged power lines. Check for damaged electrical wiring. Inspect gas tanks (by smell only) for leaks. AFTER AN EARTHQUAKE: Tune in to local radio stations and listen for any news and danger reports. Stay out of damaged buildings and areas with broken glass and debris. Follow the emergency plan or the instructions of building personnel if you are inside a building. PERFORMANCE TASK 1 The class will be divided into three groups. Each group should prepare a simple but informative 5 to 7-minute skit showing the Precautionary and Safety Measures BEFORE, DURING, or AFTER an Earthquake. This task will serve as your INITIAL PERFORMANCE TASK. It will be graded using the rubric on the next slide.  UNIVERSITY of the ASSUMPTION CLOSING PRAYER UA Senior High School Forming Catholic Leaders: Biasa, Maganaca, Mayap