Earthquake Hazard Vulnerability in the Philippines PDF

2.Vulnerability.PPTX Slideshow Share Sign in File Edit View Help Fit View only  1 MODULE 2 EXPOSURE AND VULNERABILITY Concept of Vulnerabilities Factorsthat...

2.Vulnerability.PPTX Slideshow Share Sign in File Edit View Help Fit View only  1 MODULE 2 EXPOSURE AND VULNERABILITY Concept of Vulnerabilities Factorsthat must be considered to assess the level of vulnerability of an area or community; Concept of exposure Elements exposed to hazards The Relationship of Hazards, Exposure, and Vulnerabilities 2 WHAT IS VULNERABILTIY? - IFRC or International Federation of Red Cross or Red Crescent Societies defines it as “the diminished capacity of an individual or group to anticipate, cope with resist, and recover from an impact of natural or man-made hazards”. - it is situation specific meaning if earthquakes are frequent in a particular region, it doesn’t mean that all the provinces in that region are vulnerable. - It is also hazard specific meaning that a community that is vulnerable to earthquakes it does not necessarily mean that it is also vulnerable to typhoon. 3 FACTORS THAT MUST BE CONSIDERED TO ASSESS THE LEVEL OF VULNERABILITY OF AN AREA OR COMMUNITY; 🞆 Proximity to a hazard event. Ex. Philippines is more prone to earthquake than in Brazil because it is situated along the Pacific Ring of Fire. 🞆 Population density near a hazard event. Population is different from population density. Ex. If all individuals crown in one portion of a place when fire breaksout, there is a little space and time to escape from a hazard 🞆 Population refers to the number of individual inhabiting a particular space at the same time while Population Density refers to number of individuals living in an area in relation to the size of that area. 🞆 Capacity and efficient to reduce disaster risk. Accessibility and availability of services and facilities that help in preparing for or during disasters 🞆 PAGASA or Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical Building codes and disaster policies. 🞆 and Astronomical Services Administration. 4 WHAT IS EXPOSURE? - Geosciences Australia defines it as “the elements at risk from natural or man-made hazard event” 5 ELEMENTS EXPOSED TO HAZARD 1. Physical Element - examples are landscapes, inhabitants, buildings, and other structure. 6 2. Socioeconomic element – these compromise the institutional and governmental systems that dictate the kind of well-being and lifestyles of communities. 7 3. Environmental elements – the ecosystems and natural processes that are exposed to hazard events. 8 THE RELATIONSHIP OF HAZARDS, EXPOSURE, AND VULNERABILITIES 🞆 Hazard can lead to disaster in a community if the community is exposed to it and the community circumstance or situation make it vulnerable to the hazards. 9 MODULE 3 BASIC CONCEPT OF HAZARD Concept of Hazard Profiling Hazards Impact of Hazards 10 WHAT IS HAZARD? - Are events that pose threat, danger, or risk to any element exposed to them NATURAL MAN-MADE 11 PROFILING HAZARDS 🞆 Magnitude or Strength of the Event 12 PROFILING HAZARDS 🞆 Frequency 🞆 Duration of impact 🞆 Causality of events 13 WHAT IS HAZARD-PRONE AREA? – a location where a natural hazard is likely to happen if preventive measure are not implemented. 14 🞆 Philippines is considered to be prone to natural hazards since it is located in the Pacific Ring of Fire, where many volcanoes are formed. 15 🞆 It is also considered to prone to disaster because of its major tectonic plate, Philippine Fault Zone (PTZ), i s a series of interrelated faults that cut across the country northwestern Luzon to southern Mindanao 🞆 The Philippine is also located to Western Pacific Basin or typhoon belt , the part of the world that is most often visited by typhoon 16 IMPACT OF HAZARDS PHYSICAL ELEMENTS 17 IMPACT OF HAZARDS SOCIOECONOMIC ELEMENT 18 IMPACT OF HAZARDS ENVIROMENTAL ELEMENT 19 MODULE 4 EARTHQUAKE HAZARD Concept of earthquake Potential Earthquake Hazards Early warning Signs of Earthquake Hazards Precautionary and safety measures BEFORE, DURING, & AFTER an Earthquake 20 WHAT IS EARTHQUAKE? - is the shaking of the surface of the Earth, resulting from the sudden release of energy in the Earth's lithosphere that creates seismic wave. 21 POTENTIAL EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS 1. Ground shaking – the shaking of the ground is caused by the passage of seismic waves (forms of energy tat travel through the different layers of earth that caused by vibration or movement). 22 POTENTIAL EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS 2. Ground rupture – this occurs when ground movement happens on fault line and breaks through to the surface. 23 POTENTIAL EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS 3. Liquefaction – this occurs when seismic shaking causes loose materials n the soil to mix with groundwater or soil saturated with water 24 POTENTIAL EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS 4. Earthquake-induced ground subsidence 🞆 Subsidence – is the lowering of the land dues to various causes, one of which the earthquake on fault line. This lowering becomes permanent, making the general elevation of the land uneven 25 POTENTIAL EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS 5. Tsunami - a Japanese word means “harbor wave” meaning series of waves that are generated by a sudden displacement on the ocean floor caused by large-scale undersea landslide or earthquake. 26 POTENTIAL EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS 6. Earthquake-induced landslide – this may happen during or after an earthquake when a weakened section of land falls off primarily due to gravity. Sometimes land becomes weak due to man-made activities that induce erosion such as deforestation, excavation, mining, and quarrying. 27 EARLY WARNING SIGNS OF EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS 🞆 Seismometer - is an instrument used to measure movements in Earth’s surface. It can detect vibration from seismic waves generated by earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. 28 29 PRECAUTIONARY AND SAFETY MEASURES BEFORE, DURING, & AFTER AN EARTHQUAKE BEFORE 🞆Prepare a survival kit 30 BEFORE 🞆 Avoid placing breakable on high shelves or cabinets. These items can easily fall even by a slight shake 31 BEFORE 🞆 Check regularly the stability of hanging objects such as ceiling fans and chandeliers. 32 BEFORE 🞆 Fasten heavy furniture tot the walls or floors. 🞆 Know the emergency numbers of the police, rescue, and fire departments 33 DURING If you are indoors; 🞆 stay calm. Remember DCH (DROP, COVER, & HOLD). 34 DURING If you are indoors: 🞆 Stay away from glass windows and doors, and heavy furniture 🞆 Watch out for falling object or debris 🞆 Never use an elevator to get out of the building 35 DURING If you are outdoors; 🞆 Stay clear of buildings, trees, light posts, power lines, and other structure that could fall or collapse on you 🞆 If you are in a mountainous area, be alert for falling rocks and other debris. If you are in coastal area, move to a higher ground in case a tsunami follows after earthquake 36 DURING If you are driving or inside a car; 🞆 Slow down and turn on the hazards light to alert other drivers 🞆 Avoid pulling up near or under bridges, over passes, and power lines that may fall or collapse. If you are on a bus or a train; 🞆 Hold tightly on the strap or handrail 🞆 Stay inside and listen to the instruction of the train staff. 37 AFTER 🞆 Expect aftershocks, so remain calm. 🞆 Check yourself and others for injuries 38 AFTER 🞆 Check for damaged electrical wiring 🞆 Inspect gas tanks (by smell only) for leaks 39 AFTER 🞆 Tune in to local radio stations and listen for any news and danger reports 🞆 Stay out of damaged buildings and areas with broken glass and debris 40 AFTER 🞆 Follow the emergency plan or the instruction of building personnel if you are inside a building