LESSON 3 VARIOUS TECHNIQUES IN SUMMARIZING A VARIETY OF TEXT.pdf

Various Techniques in Summarizing a Variety of Texts.  I T I S A CONDENSATI ON OF I MPORTANT DETAI LS FROM AN ORI GI NAL TEXT. TO EMPHASI ZE THAT THE CONTENT I S M...

Various Techniques in Summarizing a Variety of Texts.  I T I S A CONDENSATI ON OF I MPORTANT DETAI LS FROM AN ORI GI NAL TEXT. TO EMPHASI ZE THAT THE CONTENT I S MORE I MPORTANT What is summarizing? THAN LENGTH. TO CONDENSE THE MATERI AL. TO SI MPLI FY MATERI AL.  READ THE MATERI AL TO BE SUMMARI ZED CAREFULLY. I DENTI FY THE I MPORTANT DETAI LS SUCH Various Techniques AS MAI N TOPI C AND THE SUPPORTI NG DETAI LS. TAKE DOWN NOTES. of Summarizing YOU MAY ALSO USE CHARTS TO ORGANI ZE YOUR I DEAS. DECI DE WHI CH DETAI LS YOU WOULD LI KE TO I NCLUDE I N YOUR SUMMARY. USE PARAPHRASI NG TO MAKE THE MATERI AL YOUR OWN.  TO PARAPHRASE I S TO RESTATE THE PASSAGE USI NG ONE'S WORDS. WHEN TO PARAPHRASE? WHEN THE PASSAGE CONTAI NS Paraphrasing DI FFI CULT, TOO COMPLI CATED OR TOO TECHNI CAL CONTENT. WHEN THE AUTHOR WANTS TO ESTABLI SH CREDI BI LI TY BEFORE HI S READERS, I NSTEAD OF COPYI NG VERBATI M.  TO PARAPHRASE I S TO RESTATE THE PASSAGE USI NG ONE'S WORDS. WHEN TO PARAPHRASE? WHEN THE PASSAGE CONTAI NS Paraphrasing DI FFI CULT, TOO COMPLI CATED OR TOO TECHNI CAL CONTENT. WHEN THE AUTHOR WANTS TO ESTABLI SH CREDI BI LI TY BEFORE HI S READERS, I NSTEAD OF COPYI NG VERBATI M. Example I NCREASE I N TRAFFI C CONNECT I SLANDS (HONSHU & HOKKAI DO) PREDI CTI ONS AND CONTI NUI NG GROWTH THE LONGEST RAI L TUNNEL OPENED 1988 54 KM OPE NED I N 1988 BULLET TRAI NS NEVER USED TUNNEL FALL I N THE COST OF FLYI NG NOT USED AS MUCH AS FORECASTERS PREDI CTED  Summary THE LONGEST RAI LWAY TUNNEL I N THE WORLD LINKS THE I SLANDS OF HONSHU & HOKKAI DO. THIS 54KM TUNNEL WAS I NAUGURATED I N 1988 TO DEAL WITH THE PREDI CTED I NCREASE I N RAI L TRAFFI C. HOWEVER, THE FALL I N THE COST OF FLYI NG AND THE FACT THAT HI GH SPEED TRAI NS CANNOT USE THE TUNNEL HAVE RESULTED I N THE TUNNEL BEI NG LESS WIDELY USED THAN EXPECTED.  TECHNI QUE 1: SOMEBODY WANTED BUT SO THEN TECHNI QUE 2: SAAC METHOD Five easy Techniques TECHNI QUE 3: 5 W'S, 1 H in Summarizing Various Texts TECHNIQUE 4: FIRST, THEN, FI NALLY TECHNIQUE 5: GIVE ME THE GI ST  SOMEBODY: WHO I S THE STORY ABOUT? WANTED: WHAT DOES THE MAI N CHAR TER WANT? Technique 1: Somebody Wanted BUT: I DENTI FY A PROBLEM THAT THE MAI N But So Then CHARACTER ENCOUNTERED. SO: HOW DOES THE MAI N CHARACTER SOLVE THE PROBLEM? THEN: TELL HOW THE STORY ENDS.  TECHNIQUE 2: SOMEBODY, WANTED, BUT, SO, THEN SOMEBODY: LI TTLE RED RI DI NG HOOD WANTED: SHE WANTED TO TAKE COOKI ES TO HER SI CK GRANDMOTHER. BUT: SHE ENCOUNTERED A WOLF PRETENDI NG TO BE HER GRANDMOTHER. SO: SHE RAN AWAY, CRYI NG FOR HELP. THEN: A WOODSMAN HEARD HER AND SAVED HER FROM THE WOLF.  STATE : NAME OF THE ARTICLE, BOOK, OR STORY ASSIGN : THE NAME OF THE AUTHOR Technique 2: SAAC ACTION : WHAT THE AUTHOR I S DOI NG Method (EXAMPLE: TELLS, EXPLAI NS) COMPLETE : COMPLETE THE SENTENC E OR SUMMARY WI TH KEYWORDS AND I MPORTANT DETAI LS  TECHNIQUE 2: SAAC METHOD STATE: THE BOY WHO CRI ED WOLF ASSI GN: AESOP (A GREEK STORYTELLER) ACTI ON: TELLS COMPLETE: WHAT HAPPENS WHEN A SHEPHERD BOY REPEATEDLY LI ES TO THE VI LLAGERS ABOUT SEEI NG A WOLF  TECHNIQUE 2: SAAC METHOD THE BOY WHO CRI ED WOLF , BY AESOP ( A GRE E K STORYTEL L ER) , TEL L S WHAT HAPPENS WHEN A SH E PH E RD BOY REPEATEDL Y L I ES TO THE VI LLAGERS ABOUT SE E I NG A WOL F. AFTER A WHI L E, THEY I GNORE HI S F ALSE CRI E S. TH E N, WHEN A WOL F REAL L Y DOES ATTACK, THEY DON’ T COME TO HEL P HI M.  WHO IS THE STORY ABOUT? WHAT DID THEY DO? WHEN DID THE ACTI ON TAKE PLACE? Technique 3: 5 W’s, 1 H WHERE DID THE STORY HAPPEN? WHY DID THE MAI N CHARACT ER DO WHAT HE/SHE DID? HOW DID THE MAIN CHARACT ER DO WHAT HE/SHE DID?  TECHNIQUE 3: 5 W’ S, 1 H WHO? THE TORTOI SE WHAT? HE RACED A QUI CK, BOASTFUL HARE AND WON. WHEN? WHEN I SN’T SPECI FI ED I N THI S STORY, SO I T’S NOT I MPORTANT I N THI S CASE. WHERE? AN OLD COUNTRY ROAD WHY?THE TORTOI SE WAS TI RED OF HEARI NG THE HARE BOAST ABOUT HI S SPEED. HOW? THE TORTOI SE KEPT UP HI S SLOW BUT STEADY PACE.  TECHNIQUE 3: 5 W’ S, 1 H TORTOI SE GOT TI RED OF LI STENI NG TO HARE BOAST ABOUT HOW FAST HE WAS, SO HE CHALLENGED HARE TO A RACE. EVEN THOUGH HE WAS SLOWER THAN HARE, TORTOI SE WON BY KEEPI NG UP HI S SLOW AND STEADY PACE WHEN HARE STOPPED TO TAKE A NAP.  FIRST: WHAT HAPPENED FIRST? I NC LUDE THE MAIN CHARACTER AND MAI N EVENT/ACTION Technique 4: First, Then, Finally THEN: WHAT KEY DETAI LS TOOK PLACE DURING THE EVENT/ACT I ON? FINALLY : WHAT WERE THE RESULTS OF THE EVENT/ACTION?  TECHNIQUE 4: FIRST, THEN, FINALLY FI RST, GOLDI LOCKS ENTERED THE BEARS' HOME WHI LE THEY WERE GONE. THEN, SHE ATE THEI R FOOD, SAT I N THEI R CHAI RS, AND SLEPT I N THEI R BEDS. FI NALLY, SHE WOKE UP TO FI ND THE BEARS WATCHI NG HER, SO SHE JUMPED UP AND RAN AWAY.  WHEN SOMEONE ASKS F OR " THE GI ST" OF A STORY, THEY WANT TO KNOW WHAT THE STORY IS ABOU T. I N OTHER WOR DS, THEY WANT A SUMMARY—NOT A RETELLI NG OF EVERY DETAI L. Technique 5: Give me the Gist TO I NTRODUCE THE GI ST METHOD, EXPLAI N THAT SUMMARI ZI NG I S JUST LI KE GI VI NG A FRI END THE GI ST OF A STORY, AND HAVE YOUR STUDENTS TELL EACH OTHER ABOUT THEI R FAVORI TE BOOKS OR MOVI ES I N 15 SECONDS OR LESS.