Lesson 3: Internationalization (PDF)

y o f G lo ba l Po lit ics : A Hist or In te rn at io na l O rd er Creati ng an LESSON 3 Internationalization -A process of increasing involvement in International operations. Refers to processes and systems that pertains to relationships between nat...

y o f G lo ba l Po lit ics : A Hist or In te rn at io na l O rd er Creati ng an LESSON 3 Internationalization -A process of increasing involvement in International operations. Refers to processes and systems that pertains to relationships between nation-states. It is one window to view the globalization of politics. 4 Global-relations  World politics today consists of four key attributes: First, there are countries that independent and govern themselves., self-governing countries. Second,these countries interact with each other through diplomacy-based interactions. Third, there are International organizations, like the United Nations, and task-specific agencies like WHO and ILO. Fourth, beyond simply facilitating meetings between states, International organizations also take on lives of their own. The origins of this system can The nation-state is a complex be traced back to the concept concept, with not all states being of a nation-state, which has nations or nations being states. For evolved over time from small instance, Scotland has its own flag and culture, while the Philippines' unit identifications to larger Bangsamoro recognizes the political categories like Philippine state. Single nations can Christianity. The UN serves as also have multiple states, such as a meeting ground for heads of Korea's North and South Korea or state and other entities. China's mainland and Taiwan.  DIFFERENCE BETWEEN NATION AND STATE State refers to a country and its government of the Philippines. A state has four attributes. First, it exercises was authority over a specific population, called its citizens. Second, it governs a specific territory. Third, a state has a structure of government that crafts various rules that people society follow. Fourth, and the most crucial, the state has sovereignty over its territory. This means that groups like churches, civil society organization, corporations, and other entities have to follow the laws of the state where they establish their parishes, offices, or headquarters.  DIFFERENCE BETWEEN NATION AND STATE Nation according to Benedict Anderson, is an "imagined community". It is limited because is does not go beyond a given "official boundary" and because rights and responsibilities are mainly the privilege and concern of the citizens of the nation. But not everyone can simply become filipino. An American cannot simply go to the Philippines embassy and convert into a Philippine citizen. Nations often limits themselves to people who have imbided a particular culture, speak a common language, and live in a specific territory. Finally most nations strive to become states. Nations -builders can only feel sense of fulfillment when that national idea assumes an organizational form whose authority and power are recognized and accept.  the interstate system In 1648, the Treaty of Westphalia brought peace by establishing a new rule: countries should mind their own business. This was the birth of "sovereignty" - the idea that each nation is in charge of its own affairs. This system worked for a while, but then came Napoleon Bonaparte, a revolutionary leader who wanted to spread the ideals of liberty, equality, and brotherhood across Europe. He conquered many countries and imposed his own laws, pushing back against the old ways of kings and nobles.  the interstate system Europe's rulers, shocked by Napoleon's reforms, rallied together and defeated him at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815. They formed the Concert of Europe, a club of powerful nations determined to keep things the way they were. While the Concert of Europe eventually fell apart, the idea of sovereignty stuck around. Today, nations are still considered independent, and forceful interventions are generally frowned upon. However, some nations still hold a lot of power, like the five permanent members of the UN Security Council, who have the ability to block any decisions they don’t like. So, although things have changed, the world still operates under the shadow of the past.  internationalism The Westphalian and Concert systems divided the world into separate, sovereign entities. Since the existence of this Interstate system, there have been attempts to transcend it. Some, like Bonaparte, directly challenged the system by infringing on other states’ sovereignty, while other sought to imagine other systems of governance that go beyond. Still, others imagine a system of heightened interaction between various sovereign states, particularly the desire for greater cooperation and unity among states and peoples. This desire is called Internationalism.  what is internationalism? Internationalism –is a political principle which transcends nationalism and advocates a greater political or economic cooperation among nations and people. Internationalism comes in the different forms, but the principle may be divided into two broad categories: 1.Liberal Internationalism 2. Social Internationalism  internationalism 1.Liberal Internationalism- A form of internationalism that emphasizes international law and institutions to regulate relations between states. 2.Socialist Internationalism- A form of internationalism that focuses on international cooperation to address global issues like poverty and inequality. The League of Nations, formed in 1920, aimed to prevent future wars but ultimately failed to stop World War II. Despite its failure, the League's principles of international cooperation survived and influenced the creation of the United Nations. The League embodied liberal internationalism, drawing on ideas from Kant, Mazzini, and Wilson, emphasizing common principles, cooperation, democracy, and self-determination. In contrast, Karl Marx, a socialist internationalist, rejected nationalism, arguing that true internationalism should focus on economic equality and a global perspective, not national boundaries. He believed that workers of the world should unite against the capitalist class, regardless of national identity. Marx's ideas inspired the formation of the Socialist International, a union of European socialist and labor parties, which advocated for worker rights and helped establish Labor Day and an 8-hour workday. This passage explores the evolution of Internationalism, contrasting Karl Marx's class- based vision of global unity with the state-centric approach of the League of Nations. While the League ultimately failed to prevent World War II, its principles of respect for nation- states, democracy, and self- determination influenced the creation of the United Nations. th an k yo u!