lesson 2-computer components.pdf_20240922_215438_0000-compressed.pdf

IDENTIFY INTERNAL COMPUTER COMPONENTS Computer COmponents Computer components, also known as computer hardware components, are the physical parts or devices that make up a computer system.  Internal computer components 1. Motherboard 6. Optical drive 2. Centra...

IDENTIFY INTERNAL COMPUTER COMPONENTS Computer COmponents Computer components, also known as computer hardware components, are the physical parts or devices that make up a computer system.  Internal computer components 1. Motherboard 6. Optical drive 2. Central processing uNit 7. power supplies 3. random access memory 8. Expansion slot 4. Graphical processing unit (GPU) 9. Cooling system 5. Network interface card(nic) 10. Storage device  MOTHER BOARD acts as the backbone for the entire computer system. Sometimes called the system board or mainboard, it consists of a large, flat circuit board with chips and other electrical components on it using various connectors. Some components are soldered directly to the board, and some components connect to the board by using slots or sockets.  Central processing unit It is a computer chip where most of the computing calculations take place. On most computers, the CPU is housed in a single microprocessor module that is installed on the system board in a slot or a socket. Most current processors are built with two or more individual CPUs mounted in a single chip, working in parallel. Multiple individual processors can share the workload more efficiently than a single processor. Dual-core and quad-core processors are engineered to include two to four cores on a single chip, while hexa-and octacore processors include six and eight cores, respectively.  random access memory Memory is the component that provides the workspace for a processor. RAM isvolatile memory. RAM requires a constant source of electricity to keep track of the data stored in it. When the power is no longer available, the data stored in RAM is lost. RAM is measured in small groups of data called bytes. A byte is the fundamental unit of measure for computer data. One typed character is about one byte. Each byte consists of eight bits, which are individual ones and zeros.  Graphical processing unit (PSU) A Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), also commonly referred to as a "graphics card," is a specialized electronic circuit designed to accelerate the rendering of images and video on a computer's display. GPUs are optimized for highly parallelized tasks, particularly graphics rendering.  Network interface card (nic) A NIC provides network connectivity, allowing the computer to connect to local networks or the internet.  Optical drive Optical drives like CD/DVD drives or Blu-ray drives are used for reading and writing optical discs. An optical drive, also known as an optical disc drive (ODD), is a hardware component that uses laser light or optical technology to read and write data to optical discs. Power supplies Computer component that converts line voltage AC power from an electrical outlet to the low-voltage direct current (DC) power needed by system components. The power supply is a metal box in the rear of the system unit that is attached to the computer chassis and to the system board. Although the power supply is not itself a component of the system board, it is required in order for system components to receive power. The power supply contains the power cord plug and a fan for cooling because it generates a great deal of heat.  Expansion slot An expansion cardis a printed circuit board that you install into a slot on the computer’s system board to expand the functionality of the computer. Each card has a connector that fits into a slot on a system board and circuitry to connect a specific device to the computer. Some expansion cards connect to the system bus instead of a peripheral bus, use different slot types, or are built into the system circuitry instead of being separate physical boards.  Cooling system Computers get very hot when they are running. For this reason, there are a number of cooling strategies employed within a computing device. You are likely to find fans located on several devices within your computer. It help regulate the temperature of the CPU and GPU to prevent overheating. Cooling Fan Fans are located on: the power supply, the video card, and the CPU. In addition, you might have one or more fans built into the computer case. Be sure not to block air flow for these fans. If the computer cannot be properly cooled, it will overheat, causing damage to chips, components, and the motherboard.  Heat sink The heat sinksare metal, usually formed into ridges, and installed on components. The heat sink transfers the heated air from the component to the fan (or liquid cooling system), which then moves the heated air out of the computer case, keeping the inside of the case and the components cooler. Liquid cooling – water cooling Thermal conductivity of the liquid is higher than that of air, so the heat can be moved away from components more quickly than just relying on fans to move the air, and thus the heat, away from components. Is a method of cooling electronic components, typically computer CPUs and GPUs, using a liquid coolant or heat transfer fluid. This cooling system is designed to dissipate heat more efficiently than traditional air cooling methods. STORAGE devices A storage device is a hardware component or medium used to store, access, and retain digital data and files. These include Hard Disk Drives (HDDs) and Solid- State Drives (SSDs). Additional Storage device External Hard Drive, USB Flash Drive, Memory Card, Optical Discs. HDDs are used for long-term data storage, while SSDs offer faster data access and are commonly used as primary storage drives for the operating system and applications.  6. Power Consumption: HDD and SSD 1. Technology: HDD: HDDs consume more power, particularly during startup and seek operations when the drive's motor has to spin up and move the read/write heads. HDD: HDDs use magnetic spinning disks (platters) to store data. Data is read SSD: SSDs are more power-efficient. They consume less energy during and written using read/write heads that move across the spinning platters. operation, which can lead to longer battery life in laptops and less heat SSD: SSDs use NAND flash memory, which is a type of non-volatile storage generation in desktops. technology. Data is stored in memory cells, and there are no moving parts involved. 7. Size and Form Factor: HDD: less HDDs for suitable areultra-thin physicallylaptops larger and and bulkier compared to SSDs. This makes them devices. 2. Speed: SSD: M.2, SSDs and aremaking U.2, compact andsuitable them available inslim for various form factors, including 2.5-inch, devices. HDD: HDDs are slower compared to SSDs. Data access times are affected by the physical movement of read/write heads and platter rotation. SSD: SSDs are significantly faster than HDDs. They offer near-instantaneous data access because there are no mechanical parts involved. 3. Durability: 8. Capacity: HDD: HDDs are relatively fragile due to their mechanical components. They are HDD: HDDs are available in larger capacities, including multi-terabyte options. more prone to physical damage from drops or shocks. They are often preferred for mass storage needs. SSD: SSDs are more durable as they have no moving parts. They are better SSD: SSDs are available in various capacities but tend to be more expensive per suited for use in portable devices and laptops. gigabyte. They are commonly used for primary storage and applications where speed is crucial. 4. Noise and Vibration: 9. Price: HDD: HDDs can produce noise and vibration during operation due to the HDD: HDDs are generally more cost-effective in terms of price per gigabyte. spinning platters and moving read/write heads. SSD: SSDs are more expensive than HDDs on a per-gigabyte basis, but their SSD: SSDs are completely silent and produce no noise or vibration. prices have been decreasing over time. 10. Performance: 5. Weight: HDD: HDDsload application have slower times data transfer compared to rates, SSDs. longer SSD: SSDsboot offertimes, fasterand increased data transfer HDD: HDDs are heavier due to their mechanical components. rates, almost instant boot times, and SSD: SSDs are lightweight and ideal for portable devices. quicker application loading.  Additional storage device External Hard Drive: An external hard drive is a portable storage device that connects to a computer via USB, Thunderbolt, or other interfaces. It provides additional storage capacity for backing up data or transferring file USB Flash Drive: A USB flash drive, also known as a thumb drive or memory stick, is a small, portable storage device. It connects to a computer's USB port and is used for data storage and transfer. USB flash drives are commonly used for carrying files, making backups, and running portable applications. Memory Cards: Memory cards are small, removable storage devices commonly used in cameras, smartphones, and portable gaming consoles. They come in various formats, such as SD (Secure Digital), microSD, and CompactFlash.  Additional storage device Optical Discs: Optical discs, such as CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray discs, store data in an optical format using laser technology. They are used for distributing software, music, movies, and archiving data. Network-Attached Storage (NAS): A NAS device is a specialized Cloud Storage: networked storage solution that Cloud storage services like Dropbox, connects to a local network. Google Drive, and iCloud store data on It provides centralized storage remote servers accessed via the accessible to multiple users and internet. devices over the network. Users can upload, download, and synchronize files across devices and platforms. EXTERNAL computer components 1. monitor 5. microphone 2. keyboard 6. webcam 3. mouse 7. printer 4. speaker 8. scanner  MONITOR A monitor is the external display device that shows the computer'sgraphical user interface, applications, and content. It is a primary output device. keyboard An external keyboard provides a physical input method for typing, entering commands, and navigating the computer. mouse A mouse or pointing device allows users to control the cursor on the screen, select objects, and interact with the user interface.  speaker External speakers provide audio output, allowing users to listen to music, videos, and other multimedia content from the computer. MICROPHONE External microphones are used for audio input, such as voice recording, video conferencing, and voice commands. HEADPHONES : Headphones are an alternative audio output option that allows for private listening and can include a built-in microphone for voice communication.  WEBCAM A webcam is an external camera used for video conferencing, online streaming, and capturing video or photos. PRINTER Printers produce hard copies of digital documents and images. They come in various types, including inkjet, laser, and dot matrix. SCANNER Scanners convert physical documents or images into digital format for storage, editing, and sharing on the computer. Thanks for LISTENING!