Lesson 2 - Computer Basic Concepts.pdf

Basic Computer Concepts Prepared by: Kim B. Ozaraga Objectives At the end of the lesson, students should be able to: 1. Identify the 3 main functions of a computer; 2. identify the main elements of a computer; 3. explain the importance of various units of a computer and; 4. differentia...

Basic Computer Concepts Prepared by: Kim B. Ozaraga Objectives At the end of the lesson, students should be able to: 1. Identify the 3 main functions of a computer; 2. identify the main elements of a computer; 3. explain the importance of various units of a computer and; 4. differentiate between system software and application software;  Introduction In today's world, we use computers for all our tasks. Our day-to-day activities: paying bills, buying groceries, using social media, seeking entertainment, working from home, communicating with a friend, etc., can all be done using a computer. What is a Computer? Comes from the Latin “computus” and “computare”. A computer is an electronic machine that can accept data (input), manipulate the data according to specified rules (process), produce information (output) from the processing, and store the results for future use. Computer Organization Computer function/operation 1. Input 2. Process 3. Output INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT Computer Organization Computer function/operation 1. Input 2. Process 3. Output Input An input is data that is entered into or received by a computer. Computer Organization Computer function/operation 1. Input 2. Process 3. Output Process Processing involves the manipulation, calculation, or transformation of the input data according to a set of instructions or a program Computer Organization Computer function/operation 1. Input 2. Process 3. Output Output It is the result, which comes from the transformation process, or it is the outcome of the process Elements of Computer Six (6) main elements that make up a computer system. 1. Hardware 2. Software 3. People 4. Procedures 5. Data 6. Connectivity Computer Hardware Computer hardware is a collective term used to describe any of the physical components of an analog or digital computer. The term hardware distinguishes the tangible aspects of a computing device from software, which consists of written, machine-readable instructions or programs that tell physical components what to do and when to execute the instructions. Computer Hardware Internal hardware components - Internal components collectively process or store the instructions delivered by the program or operating system (OS). These include the following: Motherboard This is a printed circuit board that holds the CPU and other essential internal hardware and functions as the central hub that all other hardware components run through. CPU Central Processing Unit. The CPU is the brain of the computer that processes and executes digital instructions from various programs RAM Random Access Memory. A volatile memory / temporary memory storage that makes information immediately accessible to programs. Hard drive Physical storage devices that store both permanent and temporary data in different formats. SSD Solid-state drive. A non-volatile, solid-state storage devices based on NAND flash memory technology. Computer Hardware Internal hardware components - Internal components collectively process or store the instructions delivered by the program or operating system (OS). These include the following: Optical drive They enable the computer to read and interact with nonmagnetic external media, such as compact disc read-only memory or digital video discs. Heat sink This is a passive piece of hardware that draws heat away from components to regulate/reduce their temperature to help ensure they continue to function properly. GPU Graphics processing unit. This chip-based device processes graphical data and often functions as an extension to the main CPU. NIC Network interface card. A NIC is a circuit board or chip that enables the computer to connect to a network. Computer Hardware External hardware components, also called peripheral components, are those items that are often externally connected to the computer to control either input or output functions. Common input hardware components include: Mouse A hand-held pointing device that moves a cursor around a computer screen and enables interaction with objects on the screen. Keyboard An input device featuring a standard QWERTY keyset that enables users to input text, numbers or special characters. Microphone A device that translates sound waves into electrical signals and supports computer-based audio communications. Camera A camera captures visual images and streams them to the computer or through a computer to a network device. Touchpad An input device, external or built into a laptop, used to control the pointer on a display screen. Computer Hardware External hardware components, also called peripheral components, are those items that are often externally connected to the computer to control either input or output functions. USB flash drive An external, removable storage device that uses flash memory and interfaces with a computer through a USB port. Memory card A memory card is a type of portable external storage media, such as a CompactFlash card, used to store media or data files. Computer Hardware Examples of output hardware components include: Monitor An output device similar to a TV screen that displays information, documents or images generated by the computing device. Printer Printers render electronic data from a computer into printed material. Speaker A speaker is an external audio output device that connects to a computer to generate a sound output. Headphones, Similar to speakers, these devices provide audio output that's audible only to a single listener. earphones, earbuds Computer Software The software is the intangible part of the device that lets the user interact with the hardware and command it to perform specific tasks. Two categories of software: 1. System Software 2. Application Software Computer Software System software is the set of programs that make a computer work. It includes all the basic functions and features like memory management, input/output control, file system, etc. e.g. Operating System, device drivers, and firmware Computer Software Operating system A set of tools and programs to manage the overall working of a computer using a defined set of hardware components. e.g., Windows XP, Windows 8, Windows 10, Macintosh, Linux, Ubuntu, Android, iOS, Blackberry etc. Computer Software Utility software is a program specifically designed to help manage and tune system or application software. e.g. Antivirus, File management, Disk management, Compression tools, and disk cleanup tool Computer Software Application software is a software that can perform a specific task for the user. e.g. word processors, spreadsheets, database management, inventory and payroll programs Computer Software Computer Hardware Types of application software: Word processing The main purpose of this software is to produce documents. e.g., MS-Word, Word Pad, Notepad and some other text editors Database software The purpose of this software is to organize and manage data. e.g., MS access, dBase, FoxPro, Paradox, and Oracle Spread sheet The purpose of this software is organizing numbers. It also allows the users to perform simple or software complex calculations on the numbers entered in rows and columns. e.g., MS Excel Presentation This software is used to display the information in the form of slide show. The three main functions software of presentation software is editing that allows insertion and formatting of text, including graphics in the text and executing the slide shows. e.g., MS PowerPoint Multimedia Media players and real players are the examples of multimedia software. This software will allow software the user to create audio and videos. e.g., audio converters, players, burners, video encoders, and decoders. People The people interacting with the computer system are also an element of it. ▪ Also called as the Liveware. ▪ They are the “users” of the computer systems. People The people interacting with the computer system are also an element of it. ▪ Also called as the Liveware. ▪ They are the “users” of the computer systems. People There are three types of people that interact with the system: 1. System Analyst: People who design the operation and processing of the system. 2. System Programmers: People who write codes and programs to implement the working of the system 3. System Operators: Also called the end users. People who operate the system and use it for different purposes. Procedures These are a set of instructions, written in code, to instruct a computer on how to perform a task, run a software, do calculations etc. Ensure that data is transmitted and processed in a standardized and reliable manner e.g. Data backup protocols, cybersecurity policies, software development methodologies, user training manuals. Procedures Three (3) types of procedures 1. Hardware-oriented Procedures - It defines the working of a hardware component. 2. Software-oriented Procedures - It is a set of detailed instructions for using the software. 3. Internal Procedures - It maintains the overall internal working of each part of a computer system by directing the flow of information. Data Refers to the raw, unprocessed, facts, numbers, text, or multimedia information that serves as the input or output of computer operations. e.g. text data, numerical, audio, images, videos, meta data Connectivity This is when the computers are linked to a network. ▪ It facilitates sharing of information, files, and other facilities. ▪ Computers can connect to a network via LAN cables, Bluetooth, Wi- Fi, satellites etc. ▪ The internet is the most obvious example of connectivity in a computer system. Resources https://quicklearncomputer.com/examples-of-system-software-and-application-software/#t-1647405659436 https://www.techtarget.com/searchnetworking/definition/hardware https://www.techtarget.com/searchnetworking/definition/hardware  + Cmd A Thanks! Does anyone have any questions? Ctrl Z Slidesgo CREDITS: This presentation template was created by Slidesgo, including icons by Flaticon Freepik Flaticon, and infographics & images by Freepik C Motherboard Example: FUJISTSU-SIEMENS Esprimo P920 E90 and Gigabyte Z790 Aorus Xtreme motherboards. CPU Example: AMD’s Ryzen and Intel core i9-7980XE processors RAM Example: Desktop RAM (DIMM) and Laptop RAM (SO-DIMM) Hard Drive Example: Desktop and Laptop Hard Drive SSD Example: 2.5 inch SSD, 512 gb Optical Drive Example: Optical drive for Desktop and a portable, external optical drive for laptop Heat Sink Example: Heat Sink for Desktop computers Liquid cooling system GPU on Dedicated Graphics Card GPU inside a CPU (Integrated Graphics Processing Unit or iGPU) Network Interface Card (NIC) Example: Gigabit Ethernet NIC