IT Essentials - Lec 3 PDF

Lesson 3 Starting the Computer Lesson 3 – Starting the Computer Basic checks when starting the computer ◼ Computer should not already switched on. ◼ Connect all the cables and power cable. ◼ There should not any CD or Floppy in the Computer. ◼ Press power button on computer Box. If its n...

Lesson 3 Starting the Computer Lesson 3 – Starting the Computer Basic checks when starting the computer ◼ Computer should not already switched on. ◼ Connect all the cables and power cable. ◼ There should not any CD or Floppy in the Computer. ◼ Press power button on computer Box. If its not working then check all the cables. ◼ If computer is starting then wait for sometime so that computer should start-up properly. ◼ You will see some information and then operation system (Windows) will start. ◼ After starting up completely, computer is ready to use. Lesson 4 Hardware Lesson 4 – Hardware ◼ Hardware  The term hardware refers to the physical components of the computer such as the system unit, mouse, keyboard, monitor etc. ◼ Software  The software is the instructions that makes the computer work.  Software is held either on your computers hard disk, CD-ROM, DVD or on a floppy disk and is loaded from the disk into the computers RAM (Random Access Memory), as and when required. Lesson 4 – Hardware Information and Communication Technology (ICT) ◼ ICT is a term which refers to the storage, processing or transferring of information and communication using electronic means. ◼ We can apply this term to fax or telephone communication and other forms of multi-media. Section 2 Hardware Lesson 6 Central Processing Unit Lesson 6 – Central Processing Unit Central Processing Unit (CPU) ◼ CPU is the main part of the computer that performs all the work. ◼ CPU is also called brain of the computer. ◼ It performs processing, communication and all calculations of data. ◼ CPU is normally an Intel Pentium or AMD. ◼ It tells how fast your computer will run and its speed is measured in MHz or GHz.  A 600 MHz Pentium is much faster than a 400 MHz Pentium CPU. ◼ CPU performs all the calculations within the computer. Lesson 7 Input Devices Lesson 7 – Input Devices Input Devices An Input Device is a device that is used to enter information into a PC by typing, selecting, importing or downloading. Some input devices are as follows:  Keyboard  Mouse  Touchpad  Trackballs  Scanner  Joysticks  Graphic Tablet  Digital cameras and Webcam  Microphone Lesson 7 – Input Devices ◼ Keyboard ◼ Mouse ◼ Touchpad  It senses the movement of the fingertip and moves the mouse pointer (cursor) on the computer screen.  It is used in laptops. ◼ Trackball  Its like mouse having a ball on the upper side. Lesson 7 – Input Devices ◼ Joysticks  It is used to play games more quickly and efficiently. ◼ Graphic Tablet  It is touch sensitive pad. A Stylus (digital pen) is used for drawing or writing. ◼ Scanner  Scanner is used to convert any printed material to digital form and to import into the computer.  We can convert any printed text to a soft copy with a special computer software OCR. Lesson 7 – Input Devices ◼ Webcam  It is a small camera which is used to show live images over the internet. ◼ Digital Cameras  These cameras can store images in digital form on a memory card and transfer to computer. ◼ Microphone  Microphone is used to convert speech into text by using special software. Lesson 8 Output Devices Lesson 8 – Output Devices Output Devices An output Device is any device that is used to show information or results of a PC. Some Output devices are as follows:  Monitors  Speakers  Speech Synthesiser  Printers  Touch screens Lesson 8 – Output Devices Output Devices ◼ Monitors / Computer Screen/ VDU  This is the most common output device.  Picture quality of monitor is called Resolution. ◼ Speakers  Speakers are used to take any audio output or result from the computer. ◼ Speech Synthesiser  These are special software used to translate any written text into an audio speech. Lesson 8 – Output Devices ◼ Printers  Printers are used to print paper copies of the text, pictures or any other data.  We have Colour printers and Black & White Printers  Dot matrix printers, Inkjet printers, Laser printers. Touch screens  These are special monitors which are used not only to display information but also to take any input. These are used in ATM machines.  Lesson 8 – Output Devices Input and Output Ports A port is a place where we can connect any external device to computer. Some types are as follows: ◼ Serial Port  This port connects devices like mice and keyboard and transfers data in a single stream. ◼ Parallel Port  This port connects devices like printers and transfers data in multiple streams.  Lesson 8 – Output Devices ◼ USB Port  This is most common port and widely used to connect many devices.  This is without pin. ◼ FireWire Port  It is used to connect digital cameras because it transfers data at a high speed. ◼ Network Port  This port is used to connect the PC to other PCs in a network. Lesson 9 Accessibility Lesson 9 – Accessibility Accessibility Accessibility refers to how much easy a system is by disable people. There are many devices which are helpful for disable people. ◼ Voice Recognition Software  These software can translate speech/voice into text. ◼ Screen Reader  These software is helpful for blind people. ◼ Screen Magnifier  For low vision people, this software is used. ◼ On-screen keyboard  With this software, disable people can type data using a pointing device or joystick.