LESSON-1&2_240809_004011.pdf

LESSON 1: 21ST CENTURY LITERATURE FROM THE REGIONS Philippine Literary History: From Precolonial to Contemporary The literary history of the Philippines is a rich tapestry of diverse cultures, Philippine literature has evolved, adapted, and reflected the country's history and languages, and tradit...

LESSON 1: 21ST CENTURY LITERATURE FROM THE REGIONS Philippine Literary History: From Precolonial to Contemporary The literary history of the Philippines is a rich tapestry of diverse cultures, Philippine literature has evolved, adapted, and reflected the country's history and languages, and traditions. From the precolonial period to the present day, cultural heritage. This literary nonfiction text will take you on a journey through writers, and major works that have shaped the nation's literary landscape. various dimensions of Philippine literary history, exploring key periods, influential Precolonial Literature: Oral Traditions and Epics Long before the arrival of European colonizers, the Philippines was home to thriving indigenous cultures with their own rich literary traditions. The early Filipinos passed down their stories, legends, and myths through oral traditions, narrated by skilled storytellers in various languages across the archipelago. One of the most renowned examples of precolonial Philippine literature is the epic poem "Biag ni Lam- ang," which originates from the Ilocano people. This epic tells the story of Lam-ang, a heroic figure who embarks on a series of daring adventures. Characterized by vivid imagery, metaphors, and powerful storytelling, "Biag ni Lam-ang" represents the artistic prowess and imaginative spirit of precolonial Filipinos. Spanish Colonial Period: The Advent of Philippine Writing in Spanish With the arrival of Spanish colonizers in the 16th century, the landscape of Philippine literature experienced a significant shift. Spanish became the dominant language for writing, and Christianization efforts led to the spread of Catholicism and the introduction of religious literature. During this period, notable literary works emerged, including "Florante at Laura" by Francisco Balagtas. Written in the 19th century, this influential narrative poem explores themes of love, heroism, and resistance against oppression. Balagtas' masterpiece exemplifies the blending of indigenous traditions with Spanish literary techniques, creating a distinct form of Filipino literature. American Colonial Period: Resurgence of Vernacular Literature The early 20th century witnessed the rise of vernacular literature as the Philippines came under American colonial rule. English became increasingly influential, sparking a renewed interest in writing in the national language, Filipino. Prominent writers emerged during this period, such as Jose Rizal and his novel "Noli Me Tangere" (Touch Me Not). Published in 1887, Rizal's work exposed the social injustices and corruption of Spanish colonial rule, fueling nationalist sentiment and advocating for social reform. Post-World War II Era: The Golden Age of Philippine Literature After the devastation of World War II and Philippine independence in 1946, Filipino writers explored themes of identity, nationhood, and social issues. This period, known as the Golden Age of Philippine Literature, saw a flourishing of various literary forms and movements. Renowned authors like Nick Joaquin, NVM Gonzalez, and F. Sionil Jose emerged as influential figures, representing different perspectives and contributing to the development of Filipino literature. Their works encompassed a range of genres, from short stories and novels to poetry and essays, capturing the complexities of Philippine society and the struggles of its people. Contemporary Literature: Engaging with Global Influences In the present day, Philippine literature continues to evolve, embracing global influences while retaining its unique cultural identity. Contemporary Filipino writers navigate diverse themes and experiment with various storytelling techniques in response to the complexities of modern life. One notable contemporary writer is Jessica Hagedorn, known for her nove l "Dogeaters." Hagedorn's work explores the impact of American colonialism on Philippine society and creatively blends English, Filipino, and Taglish (a mix of Tagalog and English) in her writing. The dimensions of Philippine literary history from precolonial to contemporary reflect the nation's resilience, cultural diversity, and ongoing quest for self- expression. From oral traditions and epics to the emergence of Filipino literature in Spanish and subsequent vernacular and global influences, Philippine literature has evolved and adapted over the centuries. It continues to serve as a mirror of Philippine society and a source of inspiration for future generations of Filipino writers and readers. Note: This 3-page informational text provides a brief overview of various dimensions of Philippine literary history. For a more comprehensive understanding, further exploration of individual writers, works, and literary movements is encouraged. The Literary Legacy of Philippine National Artists in Literature Philippine National Artists in Literature are individuals who have made significant contributions to the country's literary landscape. Their works showcase the rich cultural heritage of the Philippines, and their influence resonates with readers both within the country and across the world. In this article, we will explore the lives and works of some of the most influential Philippine National Artists in Literature. Francisco Balagtas: The Father of Tagalog Poetry Francisco Balagtas, often referred to as the "Father of Tagalog Poetry," was a prominent literary figure during the Spanish colonial period. Born in 1788 in Bigaa, Bulacan, Balagtas/Bigaa, Balagtas, Bulacan wrote his most famous work, "Florante at Laura", in 1838. "Florante at Laura" is an epic poem written in Tagalog. It tells the story of Florante, a nobleman, and Laura, his love interest. Balagtas' use of allegory and poetic imagery captivates readers, making this work a cornerstone of Philippine literature. Through his writing, Balagtas explored themes of love, heroism, and social justice, leaving an indelible mark on Philippine literary traditions.  Jose Rizal: National Hero and Literary Genius Jose Rizal is a name synonymous with Philippine heroism and intellectual prowess. Born in 1861, Rizal was not only a national hero but also a prolific writer. His novel, “Noli Me Tangere”, published in 1887, shed light on the injustices and corruption prevalent during the Spanish colonial period. “Noli Me Tangere” follows the story of Juan Crisostomo Ibarra, a young Filipino who returns to the Philippines after studying in Europe. Rizal’s novel exposes the cruel treatment to Filipinos under Spanish rule and critiques the abuses of power by colonial authorities and friars. This groundbreaking work ignited a sense of national identity and became a catalyst for the Philippine Revolution.  Nick Joaquin: Master of Philippine Literature Nick Joaquin, a Philippine National Artist in Literature, is widely regarded as one of the masters of Philippine literature. Born in 1917, Joaquin wrote numerous significant works, including his most famous novella, "The Woman Who Had Two Navels," published in 1961. "The Woman Who Had Two Navels" is a complex and thought-provoking work that delves into themes of identity, history, and Filipino society. Joaquin's writing style is characterized by its poetic language and rich imagery. His insightful exploration of Filipino culture and history has cemented his status as a literary icon. F. Sionil Jose: Chronicler of Philippine Society F. Sionil Jose National Artist For Literature (December 3, 1924) Francisco Sionil Jose, commonly known as F. Sionil Jose, is a renowned Filipino author and one of the most respected voices in Philippine literature. Born in 1924, Jose is best known for his five -novel series collectively known as the "Rosales Saga." The "Rosales Saga" consists of novels such as "Noli Me Tangere," "The Pretenders," and "Mass." These novels delve into the complexities of Philippine society, addressing issues of social injustice, corrup tion, and the struggle for national identity. Jose's works shed light on the struggles and aspirations of ordinary Filipinos, making him a relatable and influential writer. His contribution to Philippine literature has earned him international recognition and secured his place among the country's literary greats. The works of Philippine National Artists in Literature have left an indelible mark on the country's literary landscape. Francisco Balagtas, Jose Rizal, Nick Joaquin, and F. Sionil Jose are just a f ew examples of the talented writers who have shaped Philippine literature. Their works have explored themes of love, heroism, social justice, identity, and the struggles of Filipino society. These authors have not only entertained readers with their storytelling skills but also provided a window into the Filipino experience. As students of literature, it is essential to recognize and appreciate the contributions of these canonical authors and works of Philippine National Artists in Literature. Through their writings, we gain a deeper understanding of our history, culture, and the challenges faced by our society. By studying and cherishing the works of these literary giants, we honor their legacy and ensure that their influence continues to inspire generations to come.  Jose Corazon de Jesus In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is de Jesús and the second or maternal family name is Pangilinan. José Cecilio Corazón de Jesús y Pangilinan (November 22, 1894 - May 26, 1932), also known by his pen name Huseng Batute, was a Filipino poet who used Tagalog poetry to express the Filipinos' desire for independence during the American Occupation of the Philippines, a period that lasted from 1901 to 1946. He is best known for being the "Hari ng Balagtasan" (transl. King of Balagtasan), and for being the lyricist of the Filipino patriotic song "Bayan Ko". On March 28, 1924, de Jesús and other leading Tagalog writers met at a women's school in Tondo, Manila, under the auspices of Filipino educator Rosa Sevilla, to discuss how to celebrate the birth anniversary of Tagalog poet Francisco Balagtas on April 2. They decided to hold a duplo, or a dramatic debate in verse that was in its waning days in the 1920s. They changed the format of the duplo and renamed it balagtasan in honor of Balagtas. There were three pairs of poets who participated in the first balagtasan on April 6, 1924 at the defunct Instituto de Mujeres (Women's Institute), founded by Sevilla, but the audience were most impressed by de Jesús and another Filipino poet, Florentino Collantes. The balagtasan was an instant hit, later became a common feature in Manila's biggest and most expensive theaters until the 1950s. De Jesús and Collantes were pitted against each other in a contrived rivalry and a showdown was set for October 18, 1925 at the Olympic Stadium. De Jesús was acclaimed winner of the showdown and was dubbed "Hari ng Balagtasan" (king of versified debate). He held the title until his death in 1932. José Corazón de Jesús' works appeared on several magazines and newspapers, notably Ang Democracia, Taliba, Liwayway, ang buhay sa nddu and Sampagita. In addition, his works have appeared in various anthologies and textbooks from grade school to college. Among his more popular works are: Ang Manok Kong Bulik ("My White Rooster", 1911) - a poem about a country man's misfortune in cockfighting  Barong Tagalog (1921) - poem written after the Filipino national costume  Ang Pagbabalik ("Homecoming", 1924)  Ang Pamana ("The Legacy", 1925)  Isang Punongkahoy ("A Tree", 1932) Some of his poems were set into music; among these are: Bayan Ko ("My Country", 1929) - music by Constancio de Guzman Pakiusap ("A Request") - music by Francisco Santiago Philippine Literature is a diverse and rich group of works that has evolved side-by- side with the country's history. Literature had started with fables and legends made by the ancient Filipinos long before the arrival of Spanish influence. The main themes of Philippine literature focus on the country's pre-colonial cultural traditions and the socio-political histories of its colonial and contemporary traditions. It is not a secret that many Filipinos are unfamiliar with much of the country's literary heritage, especially those that were written long before the Spaniards arrived in our country. This is due to the fact that the stories of ancient time were not written, but rather passed on from generation to generation through word of mouth. Only during 1521 did the early Filipinos became acquainted with literature due to the influence of the Spaniards on us. But the literature that the Filipinos became acquainted with are not Philippine- made, rather, they were works of Spanish authors. So successful were the efforts of colonists to blot out the memory of the country's largely oral past that present-day Filipino writers, artists and journalists are trying to correct this inequity by recognizing the country's wealth of ethnic traditions and disseminating them in schools through mass media. The rise of nationalistic pride in the 1960s and 1970s also helped bring about this change of attitude among a new breed of Filipinos concerned about the "Filipino identity." Philippine literature is written in Spanish, English, Tagalog, and/or other native Philippine Languages. Why do we need to study Philippine Literature? Whatever nationality you are it is always very important to study the literature of your country. In doing so you are not only learning about the historical aspects of your land, but you are also keeping alive the thoughts, beliefs and cultural variations of your ancestors that differentiate your country from the rest of the world. A country's literature also tells us about its civilization in a form other than straight fact. Literature is usually one person's description of a situation told through their own personal feelings; eyewitness testimony to historical events that we were not present at. Writers have a talent for bringing the past back to life with emotive language and metaphor, helping us to imagine scenarios that may have happened decades, or even centuries, ago. LITERARY GENRES Genres of literature are important to learn about. The two main categories separating the different genres of literature are fiction and nonfiction. There are several genres of literature that fall under the nonfiction category. Nonfiction sits in direct opposition to fiction. Examples from both the fiction and nonfiction genres of literature are explained in detail below. Types of Nonfiction:  Narrative Nonfiction is information based on fact that is presented in a format which tells a story.  Essays are a short literary composition that reflects the author's outlook or point.  A short literary composition on a particular theme or subject, usually in prose and generally analytic, speculative, or interpretative.  A Biography is a written account of another person's life.  An Autobiography gives the history of a person's life, written or told by that person. Often written in Narrative form of their person's life.  Speech is the faculty or power of speaking; oral communication; ability to express one's thoughts and emotions by speech, sounds, and gesture. Generally delivered in the form of an address or discourse. Genres of Fiction: Drama is the genre of literature that's subject for compositions is dramatic art in the way it is represented. This genre is stories composed in verse or prose, usually for theatrical performance, where conflicts and emotion are expressed through dialogue and action. Poetry is verse and rhythmic writing with imagery that evokes an emotional response from the reader. The art of poetry is rhythmical in composition, written or spoken. This genre of literature is for exciting pleasure by beautiful, imaginative, or elevated thoughts. Fantasy is the forming of mental images with strange or other worldly settings or characters; fiction which invites suspension of reality. Humor is the faculty of perceiving what is amusing or comical. Fiction full of fun, fancy, and excitement which meant to entertain. This genre of literature can actually be seen and contained within all genres. A Fable is a story about supernatural or extraordinary people Usually in the form of narration that demonstrates a useful truth. In Fables, animals often speak as humans that are legendary and supernatural tales. Fairy Tales or wonder tales are a kind of folktale or fable. Sometimes the stories are about fairies or other magical creatures, usually for children Science Fiction is a story based on impact of potential science, either actual or imagined. Science fiction is one of the genres of literature that is set in the future or on other planets. Short Story is fiction of such briefness that is not able to support any subplots. Realistic Fiction is a story that can actually happen and is true to real life. Folklore are songs, stories, myths, and proverbs of a person of "folk" that was handed down by word of mouth. Folklore is a genre of literature that is widely held, but false and based on unsubstantiated beliefs. Historical Fiction is a story with fictional characters and events in a historical setting. Horror is an overwhelming and painful feeling caused by literature that is frightfully shocking, terrifying, or revolting. Fiction in which events evoke a feeling of dread in both the characters and the reader. A Tall Tale is a humorous story with blatant exaggerations, swaggering heroes who do the impossible with an here of nonchalance. Legend is a story that sometimes of a national or folk hero. Legend is based on f act but also includes imaginative material. Mystery is a genre of fiction that deals with the solution of a crime or the unraveling of secrets. Anything that is kept secret or remains unexplained or unknown. Mythology is a type of legend or traditional narrative. This is often based in part on historical events, that reveals human behavior and natural phenomena by its symbolism; often pertaining to the actions of the gods. A body of myths, as that of a particular people or that relating to a particular person. Fiction in Verse is full-length novels with plot, subplots, themes, with major and minor characters. Fiction of verse is one of the genres of literature in which the narrative is usually presented in blank verse f orm.