Lesson 1 - The Study of Rizal PDF

Lesson 1 The Study of ◤ Rizal Ms. Angelica E. Balatong Department of Public Administration and Governance College of Social Sciences and Philosophy Bulacan State University ◤ PANANAW SA KABA...

Lesson 1 The Study of ◤ Rizal Ms. Angelica E. Balatong Department of Public Administration and Governance College of Social Sciences and Philosophy Bulacan State University ◤ PANANAW SA KABAYANIHAN ▪ Ano ang Kabayanihan? ◤ PANANAW SA KABAYANIHAN ▪ Dapat ba magturing ng isang bayani? ◤ PANANAW SA KABAYANIHAN ▪ Nagbabago ba ang depenisyon ng isang bayani? ◤ PANANAW SA KABAYANIHAN ▪ May panlipunang halaga ba ang isang bayani? ◤ PANANAW SA KABAYANIHAN ▪ Ano ang halaga ni Rizal bilang isang bayani?  ◤ Tripartite Pillars of Society Socio-Cultural Politics Only then, people’s People’s power identity Social Divide/Strata Economy People’s decision  ◤ Rizal and His Times: Economy ▪ Feudalism – the ruling class are the landlords. Lower class are farmers. ▪ In the Philippines, haciendas are owned by friars. ▪ To revolutionize economy, meaning, to give Filipinos the power to decide, initiate agrarian reform. ▪ Socialism – advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole. ▪ Two reigning socialism in Europe: (1) Utopian; (2) Scientific ▪ Rizal adheres to Utopian Socialism  ◤ Rizal and His Times: Political ▪ Frailocracy – a government governed by friars.  ◤ Rizal and His Times: Socio-Cultural ▪ Philippines has no identity yet.  ◤ In shaping the society, is Rizal a Revolutionary or a Reformist? ▪ Reformist - One who advocates reform of society and the gradual accumulation of small changes, as opposed to revolutionary action. ▪ Revolutionary - One who advocates to overthrow, repudiate, and aims for a thorough replacement of an established government or political system by the people governed.  ◤ KALAGAYAN NG PAGTUTURO NG BUHAY AT MGA GAWA NI RIZAL ▪ In the wake of recent conferences/lectures on Jose Rizal, one theme about Rizal is worth revisiting – his encounter with socialism in all its hues in Europe and how he used it in his novel. ▪ Rizal’s time – Socialism in Europe during 19th century. ▪ Utopian Socialism and Scientific Socialism (Karl Marx)  ◤ REFORMISTA SI RIZAL Miguel de Unamuno – Si Rizal ay hindi lamang isang Oriental na Quijote gaya ng sinabi ng huli bagkus “siya rin ay isang pinagsamang Quijote at Hamlet – isang Quijote sa pagiisip na namuhi sa mga kalabisan ng katotohanan” Supporta sa kay Retana Kinulang si Rizal ng isang pagiisip ng isang Andres Bonifacio  ◤ REFORMISTA SI RIZAL Wenceslao Retana – si Rizal ay isang Romantikong makata at idealista na nagdulot sa kanya upang maging mapapangarapin at mapagduda. ▪ Ayon kay Quebuyen – si Retana ang kadahilanan kung bakit ang kaisipang si Rizal ay laban sa rebolusyon ay napalawig bilang maling kamalayan.  ◤ REFORMISTA SI RIZAL George Foreman – Rizal is a reformist in support of Retana. Si Rizal ay walang iba kungdi si Ibarra ng Noli Me Tangere. Si Rizal ay para lamang sa asimilasyong reporma.  ◤ REFORMISTA SI RIZAL Unamano, Retana, Foreman = Rizal is a multitalented, liberal and REFORMIST intellectual who opposed Bonifacio’s uprising, but who was nonetheless, the most revered of all Filipino patriots. This kind of view became the standard of Americans in declaring Rizal as our national hero. Americans merely expound the writings of these three writers. ◤ ANG PAGKONTRA ▪Nabuhay ang radikal na pagpapaliwanag na si Rizal au isang radikal na rebolusyonaryo  ◤ REBOLUSYONARYO SI RIZAL Rafael Palma - wrote the “The Pride of Malay”. May dalawang bahagi ang dapat pag-unawa kay Rizal. Ayon sa kanya, maling-mali si Retana. “I will never head a revolution that is preposterous and had no probability of success because I do not like to saddle my conscience with reckless and fruitless bloodshed; but whoever may head a revolution in the Philippines will have me at this side.”  ◤ REBOLUSYONARYO SI RIZAL Claro M. Recto – Rizal is a realist and Bonifacio is an idealist. Base sa paguusap at ideya ng tauhan sa Noli at El Fili.  ◤ REFORMISTA SI RIZAL Teodoro Agoncillo – wrote the “The Revolt of the Masses”. Rizal did not support the revolution due to his social class ▪ Opposed Claro M. Recto. Noli and El Fili is not the real narrative of Rizal. ▪ What is the reality? ▪ First, the reformist were not for independence but for making the Philippines a province of Spain. Second, the reformist were not anti-Spaniard or anti-Spain but only anti-friar and consequently, for the repatriation of the friars to Spain. Third, the reformist did not believe in armed revolution. This was dramatized by Rizal in his “El Filibusterismo” and in his “Manifesto to the Filipino People” which he issued while he was a prisoner in Fort Santiago prior to his execution. Finally, the revolution when exploded was denounced by the intellectuals and the wealthy. Antonio Luna denounced the Katipunan and the revolution” ▪ Si Rizal ay may burgis na interes dahil kung matatanto ang rebolusyon, maapektuhan ang kanyang klase.  ◤ REBOLUSYONARYO SI RIZAL ▪ Ricardo Pascual – pinuna ang mga pintas ng ilan sa pag-unawa kay Rizal bilang Ibarra. Maraming tauhan ang ginamit. ▪ Sa sulat ni Rizal, na nailimbag sa La Solidaridad, sinabi mismo ni Rizal na ang ideya ni Ibarra ay hindi palaging tumutugma sa kanyang ideya. ▪ Mainam na tingnang mabuti ang ibang sulat ni Rizal.  ◤ REBOLUSYONARYO SI RIZAL ▪ Cesar Adid Majul – binalangkas gamit ang kaisipang, “Enlightenment” na ang isa sa kinatawan ay si Jacques Rousseau. ▪ Ang kailangan bago ang pagsang-ayon sa rebolusyon ay ang pagkakaroon ng national sentiment ▪ Donya Victorina, Basilio, Simoun ▪ De Morga – pagkakakilanlan ng katutubo bago dumating ang mga mananakop ▪ La Liga Filipina – mapagisa ang buong kapuluan para maging isang bansa. ▪ National sentiment = Rousseau’s notion and theory of the general will. A social situation where justice and utility would ultimately coincide.  ◤ REFORMISTA SI RIZAL ▪ Nick Joaquin– ang mga manunulat na ito ay gumagamit ng iba’t ibang lente sa pagbasa tungkol sa ating Pambansang Bayani. ▪ Why Was the Rizal Hero a Creole? ▪ Pagkakapangkat-pangkat ng mga tao ▪ Peninsulares – mga kastilang pinanganak sa Espanya ▪ Insulares – mga kastilang pinanganak sa Las Islas Filipinas ▪ Creole – Mga tao na dulot ng asawahan ng mga kastila at katutubo ▪ Indio - katutubo ▪ Bilang Creole, na mayroong sariling interes ukol sa kanyang estado sa lipunan  ◤ REFORMISTA SI RIZAL ▪ Renato Constantino – walang markistang pananaw. There is a perennial dilemma na, “Either the revolution was wrong, yet you cannot disown it or; Rizal was wrong, yet we cannot disown him either” ▪ Ang pagiging pambansang bayani niya ay dulot lamang ng mga Amerikano. ▪ Rizal repudiated the revolution. Kahihiyan ang pagtanggi sa rebolusyon. Tumangi si Rizal para sa kanyang ilustradong interes. ▪ Rizal missed the Marxist Perspective ◤ REBOLUSYONARYO SI RIZAL ▪ Ambeth R. Ocampo – Rizal should not be blamed for what he read or not read. At the time Rizal sent his recommended reading, Rizal was already working on “ El Filibusterismo” where he continues where “Noli Me Tangere” left off. ▪ Rizal comments on the social condition in his own way.