Lesson 1 - part 1.pdf

Literary Themes Read and answer the questions carefully. A qr code on a white background Description automatically generated 1. This refers to the main idea or underlying meaning a writer explores in a literary work. a. Characteriz...

Literary Themes Read and answer the questions carefully. A qr code on a white background Description automatically generated 1. This refers to the main idea or underlying meaning a writer explores in a literary work. a. Characterization b. Plot c. Cultural Implication d. Theme 2. A theme can also be called: a. Central Idea b. Plot c. Main Conflict d. Moral 3. Which among the following will you NOT consider in finding the theme of a story? a. Where did the author write the story? b. What recurring symbolism have you observed while reading the story? c. What lesson can you take away from the story? d. What conflict is faced by the main character? Read and analyze the following text. The following lines are excerpt from the Homer’s Iliad, particularly the farewell between Hector and his wife Andromache. His wife Andromache then makes a tearful speech to Hector, begging him to be more careful and stay behind the battlements more often. For with Hector gone she and her son will be alone in this world: “But Hector you are father and honored mother and brother to me, as well as my strong husband. Please feel pity for us, stay here on the battlements, so you do not make an orphan of your child and your wife a widow.” “Wife, I too have thought upon all this, but with what face should I look upon the Trojans, men or women, if I shirked battle like a coward? I cannot do so: I know nothing save to fight bravely in the forefront of the Trojan host and win renown alike for my father and myself. Well do I know that the day will surely come when mighty Ilius shall be destroyed with Priam and Priam’s people, but I grieve for none of these- not even for Hecuba, nor King Priam, nor for my brothers many and brave who may fall in the dust before their foes- for none of these do I grieve as for yourself when the day shall come on which some one of the Achaeans shall rob you forever of your freedom, and bear you weeping away.” 4. What line from the excerpt implies pride? a. “Well do I know that the day will surely come when mighty Ilius shall be destroyed with Priam and Priam’s people, but I grieve for none of these- not even for Hecuba, nor King Priam, nor for my brothers many and brave who may fall in the dust before their foes-“ b. “…for none of these do I grieve as for yourself when the day shall come on which some one of the Achaeans shall rob you for ever of your freedom, and bear you weeping away.” c. “Wife, I too have thought upon all this, but with what face should I look upon the Trojans, men or women, if I shirked battle like a coward? I cannot do so: I know nothing save to fight bravely in the forefront of the Trojan host and win renown alike for my father and myself.” d. “But Hector you are father and honored mother and brother to me, as well as my strong husband. Please feel pity for us, stay here on the battlements, so you do not make an orphan of your child and your wife a widow.” 5. The following is an excerpt from the Odyssey. What important Greek custom is implied the lines? Telemachus saw Athene and went straight to the forecourt, the heart within him scandalized that a guest should still be standing at the doors. He stood beside her and took her by the right hand, and relieved her of the bronze spear, and spoke to her and addressed her in winged words: ‘Welcome, stranger. You shall be entertained as a guest among us. Afterward, when you have tasted dinner, you shall tell us what your need is.’ And he led her and seated her in a chair splendid and elaborate. For her feet there was a footstool. For himself, he drew painted bench next her, apart from the others, the suitors for fear the guest, made uneasy by the uproar. Might lose his appetite there among overbearing people. a. Greeks are highly intelligent people with great sense of humor. b. Greeks value women by not letting them stand for too long. c. Greeks are hospitable even among strangers. d. Greeks like to share their food even to their neighbors. 6. What virtue is implied in the following lines from Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra’s Don Quixote? “Whoever says that Don Quixote de la Mancha has forgot, or can forget, Dulcinea del Toboso, I will make him know with equal arms that he departs wholly from the truth; for the peerless Dulcinea del Toboso cannot be forgotten.” a. Compassion b. Courage c. Loyalty d. Self-control Read the poem below. To the Virgins to Make Much of Time By Robert Herrick (1591-1674) Gather ye rosebuds while ye may, Old Time is still a-flying; And this same flower that smiles today Tomorrow I will be dying. The glorious lamp of heaven, the sun, The higher he’s a-getting, The sooner will his race be run, And nearer he’s to setting. That age is best which is the first, When youth and blood are warmer; But being spent, the worse, and worst Times still succeed the former. Then be not coy, but use your time, And while ye may, go marry; For having lost but once your prime, You may forever tarry. 7. What does the world “prime” in the last stanza refer to? a. Wealth b. Youth c. Confidence d. Privilege 8. What is the central message of the poem? a. Seize the day. b. Do not get married. c. Be confident. d. Always wear a smile. Read the following poem: The Road Not Taken Robert Frost Two roads diverged in a yellow wood, And sorry I could not travel both And be one traveler, long I stood And looked down one as far as I could To where it bent in the undergrowth;  Then took the other, as just as fair, And having perhaps the better claim, Because it was grassy and wanted wear; Though as for that the passing there Had worn them really about the same, And both that morning equally lay In leaves no step had trodden black. Oh, I kept the first for another day! Yet knowing how way leads on to way, I doubted if I should ever come back. I shall be telling this with a sigh Somewhere ages and ages hence: Two roads diverged in a wood, and I— I took the one less traveled by, And that has made all the difference. 9. What does the diverging roads depict? a. Important Events b. Life choices c. Fate d. Destiny 10. In which situation would the poem be closely related to? a. Building your dream house b. Taking care of your parents c. Choosing a course in college d. Passing an exam 21st Century Literature in the Philippines and the World In this lesson, You will You will present Using you will examine the definition, provided experience a common characteristics, reading texts, quick review themes from examples and you will of what recalled non-examples compare and common and classic of 21st century contrast classic literary literary literary themes. themes from themes are, and pieces from a classic an introduction Philippine literature and of its and world 21st century advancement to literatures. literary text. 21st Century Literature. Distinguish key Draw similarities Develop a critical and differences of perspective of the characteristics the 21st century evolving themes of of classic themes and the literature through literature and ones from the comparing two 21st century earlier periods texts from different literary themes periods. Instructions: Read each statement carefully. Decide if you AGREE or DISAGREE with the statements. Write your choice before each item. BEFORE STATEMENT AFTER The 21st century literature covers literary pieces from 1990’s up to the present. The 21st century literature only explores themes of family, romance and friendship. Only literary pieces published within 2000 up to the present are considered 21st century literatures. Pieces considered as 21st century literature explores 21st century issues such as identity and purpose, effects of terrorism, man-made catastrophes, etc. William Shakespeare is one of the greatest 21st century writers. Only 21st century literary pieces can be made into films. 21st century literary themes are the same as classic literary themes. Science and technology play a major role in most 21st century literature. The main character always figures out the theme of the story. Themes are always clear and easy to identify in a story. 27 What is literature?  Literature in general is the art of written work, and is What is literature? not confined to published sources although, under some circumstances, unpublished sources can also be exempted.  Used to describe written and sometimes spoken material. What is literature? Derived from Latin word, which is the same, literature means “writing formed with letters,” and most commonly refers to works of creative imagination, including poetry, drama, fiction, nonfiction, and in some instances, songs.  Is a human form of expression. But not everything expressed in words – What is literature? even when organized and written down is counted as literature. Those writings that are primarily informative, technical – scholarly, journalistic – would be excluded from the rank of literature by most, though not all, critics.  Classic Literature 21 st Century Literature  Classic Literature 21 st Century Literature  Classic Literature Written and illustrated by Antoine de Saint 21 Century Literature st Exupéry, The Little Prince was first published in 1943 in New York in English and French, before being released in France in 1946 by Gallimard, where it became a bestseller selling over 14 million copies.  Classic Literature 21 st Century Literature  21 st Century Literature ABNKKBSNPLAko?! is a 2001 autobiography by Filipino author Bob Ong — his first and most popular work. The title is meant to be read phonetically as "Aba, nakakabasa na pala ako?!", which can be roughly translated as "Wow, I can actually read now?!" The novel details what are supposedly the childhood memories of the author, from his earliest days as a student until his first few years at work.  Classic Literature 21 st Century Literature  21 st Century Literature Published on November 25, 2021, the book talks about Physicist and polymath, as familiar with Hindu scriptures as he was with quantum mechanics, J. Robert Oppenheimer - director of the Manhattan Project that developed the atomic bomb - was the most famous scientist of his generation. In their meticulous and riveting biography, Kai Bird and Martin J. Sherwin reveal a brilliant, ambitious, complex and flawed man, profoundly involved with some of the momentous events of the twentieth century.  Classic Literature 21 st Century Literature  21 st Century Literature Published on October 2012, Life of Pi is at once the story of a young castaway who faces immeasurable hardships on the high seas, and a meditation on religion, faith, art and life that is as witty as it is profound. Using the threads of all of our best stories, Yann Martel has woven a glorious spiritual adventure that makes us question what it means to be alive, and to believe.  Classic Literature 21 st Century Literature  Classic Literature Noli Me Tángere (Latin for "Touch Me Not") is 21 Century Literature st a novel by Filipino writer and activist José Rizal and was published during the Spanish colonial period of the Philippines. It explores inequities in law and practice in terms of the treatment by the ruling government and the Spanish Catholic friars of the resident peoples in the late-19th century.  Classic Literature Classic works of literature usually share memorable elements and exploration of the human experience with the themes of social and class struggles that tend to express a universal truth about how humans perceive the world around them. Classical literature is meant to be read multiple times, revealing new depth, and meaning upon each subsequent reading.  Classic Literature A true classic of literary fiction can be read and reread, demonstrating new layers each time. Subsequently, a true classic stands the test of time, finding modern audiences regardless of the period in which it was originally written and maintains its influence and relevance through centuries because its themes, characters, and storytelling are timeless.  How do we differentiate classic from 21st Century Literature? 21 st Century Literature The rise of millennial and postmodern concepts and the popular or pop culture has paved the way to new ideology and technology-oriented media and has opened social issues of the new century. 21 st Century Literature Post modernism for example, is marked both by style and principle, “by a reliance on such literary conventions as fragmentation, paradox, unreliable narrators, often unrealistic and downright impossible plots, games, parody, paranoia, dark humor, and authorial self-reference. 21 st Century Literature It also often rejects the boundaries between ‘high’ and ‘low’ forms of art and literature as well as the distinction between genre and forms of writing and story- telling”. 21 st Century Literature 21st century literature tends to have a more conversational, streamlined, and accessible tone. Contemporary authors often employ simpler, more direct language and focus on more relatable, everyday experiences. Examples include the minimalist short stories of Raymond Carver, the coming-of-age narratives of Sally Rooney, and the speculative fiction of N.K. Jemisin. 21st century literature also commonly explores themes of identity, technology, and social issues in a more direct manner. 21 st Century Literature These are authored by modern authors and deal with current topics/issues while reflecting a technology society. It frequently violates established writing rules.  Comparison Additionally, old literature was influenced by the cultural and historical contexts of its time, while 21st century works tend to reflect the rapid social changes, globalization, and diverse perspectives of the modern era. Old literature was frequently shaped by religious beliefs, traditional power structures, and rigid social norms, while contemporary literature grapples with the complexities of a more interconnected, pluralistic world.  Comparison Ultimately, the differences between old and 21st century literature reflect the evolution of writing styles, thematic concerns, and the changing social and cultural landscapes over centuries of literary production.  Comparison Literature before has a strict conformity on system, norm, elitism, and romanticism while literature now can have free verse, focus on peculiar subjects, unconventional point of views, and topics can be about technology and new knowledge. 54  CATEGORY TITLE ONE-SENTENCE SUMMARY THEME 1 Philippine Literature 2 Afro-Asian Literature 3 Anglo- American Literature 4 World Literature 56 57