Lesson-1-Introduction-to-Statistics.pdf

MATH 100 “Statistics” Prepared by: Mary May M. Noynay, LPT Objectives: Define statistics; Identify the different areas of statistics and variables; Identify the levels of measurement; Share the importance of statistics; UNCERTAINTY  DECISION MAKING QUESTIONS????...

MATH 100 “Statistics” Prepared by: Mary May M. Noynay, LPT Objectives: Define statistics; Identify the different areas of statistics and variables; Identify the levels of measurement; Share the importance of statistics; UNCERTAINTY  DECISION MAKING QUESTIONS???? UNCERTAINTY “STATISTICS” ORIGINS OF THE WORD STATISTICS  The term statistics is ultimately derived from the New Latin “statisticum collegium” (council of state) and the Italian word “statista” ( statesman/ politician). Definition of Statistics Scientific discipline consisting of theory and methods for processing numerical information that one can use when making decisions in the face of uncertainty. A branch of mathematics that deals with the scientific collection, organization, presentation, analysis and interpretation of numerical data in order to obtain useful and meaningful information. Definition of Statistics Statistics – the science of collecting, presenting, interpreting, and analyzing data for effective decisions. Uses of Statistics: It can give precise description of the data It can predict the behavior of individuals It can be used to test the hypothesis It can be used in decision making in any field  TWO MAJOR AREAS OF STATISTICS DESCRIPTIVE INFERENTIAL STATISTICS STATISTICS  TWO MAJOR AREAS OF STATISTICS DESCRIPTIVE INFERENTIAL a manner of uses sample data to make organizing, presenting inferences about a population or summarizing a set of Consists of generalizing from data or observations in samples to populations, performing hypothesis testing, an informative way determining relationships Ex.: The average age of among variables, and making UCLM 1st year College predictions students is 19 yrs. old Ex.: The researcher tests the relationship between gender and academic performance of the students in Math Let’s Try! Identify if Descriptive or Inferential. 1. A study has concluded that the average credit card debt of college graduates has increased from the year 2009-2010. 2. The average American viewer watches 151 hours of TV per month. 3. The last four semesters the instructor taught Intermediate Algebra, no more than 20 people passed the class. Let’s Try! Identify if Descriptive or Inferential. 1. A study has concluded that the average credit card debt of college INFERENTIAL graduates has increased from the year 2009-2010. 2. The average American viewer watches 151 hours of TV per month. DESCRIPTIVE 3. The last four semesters the instructor taught Intermediate DESCRIPTIVE Algebra, no more than 20 people passed the class.  Population Vs. Sample Population Sample the entirety or totality a subset taken from the of objects, things or population persons under study POPULATION SAMPLE Random Selection PARAMETER STATISTIC Illustrative Example: Mr. Lopez wants to compare the degree of professional satisfaction among full-time college faculty members in the universities. He defined his target population as all full-time college faculty members in the eight universities of Cebu City. Based on a preliminary survey, he found out that the population consists of 2, 852 full-time college faculty members. For his study, he selected a sample of 450 full-time college teachers from these eight universities.  Variable Vs. Constant Variable Constant a characteristic or a characteristic or property whereby the property whereby the members of the group members of the group differ from one another do not differ from one another  Qualitative Vs. Quantitative Variable Qualitative Quantitative  A variable that takes on  Variables that are numeric; values that are names or have actual units of labels. measure  Answer the questions  Answer the questions “HOW “WHAT KIND.” MUCH” or “HOW MANY”  Ex.  Ex: Color of a ball Height Breed of a dog Weight Gender Number of registered cars  Let’s Try! Identify whether the given is Qualitative or Quantitative. 1. Number of text messages sent in a week 2. Whether or not a 6 volt lantern battery is defective 3. Brand of Cereal children eat for breakfast 4. Total number of enrollees in a semester 5. Name of internet service provider  Let’s Try! Identify whether the given is Qualitative or Quantitative. 1. Number of text messages sent in a QUANTITATIVE week 2. Whether or not a 6 volt lantern battery QUALITATIVE is defective 3. Brand of Cereal children eat for QUALITATIVE breakfast 4. Total number of enrollees in a QUANTITATIVE semester 5. Name of internet service provider QUALITATIVE  Classification of Quantitative Variable DISCRETE CONTINUOUS Data that can be counted Data that can be measured (whole numbers) (decimals) Ex.: Ex.: Number of patients in a age hospital Height no. of boys in a class weight pieces of shampoo sachets in a box  Measurement Assignment of numbers to objects or events according to predetermined set or rules.  LEVELS OF MEASUREMENT Inherent zero starting point RATIO Examples: Salary; LEVEL weight Meaningful amounts of differences between data values INTERVAL can be determined. No absolute zero LEVEL Example: Temperature Involves data arranged in some order, but the differences between data values cannot be determined or are meaningless. ORDINAL Examples: During a taste test of 4 soft drinks, Mellow Yellow was ranked no. 1; Sprite no. 2; LEVEL Seven-up no. 3; Orange Crush no. 4. Data that is classified into categories and cannot be arranged in any particular order NOMINAL Attributes are only named / coding LEVEL Examples: eye color; gender; civil status LET’S TRY! Identify the level of measurement. 1. SAT scores (possible scores are from 200-800) 2. Number of victims of COVID-19 in the barangay 3. Levels of management (Chief executive, vice-president, foreman) 4. Country (Canada, United States, France) LET’S TRY! Identify the level of measurement. 1. SAT scores (possible scores are from INTERVAL 200-800) 2. Number of victims of COVID-19 in RATIO the barangay 3. Levels of management (Chief ORDINAL executive, vice-president, foreman) 4. Country (Canada, United States, NOMINAL France) Any questions? Clarifications? Concerns? Thank you for listening! Have a great day ahead! Keep Safe!