Untitled Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which variable is classified as discrete?

Height

Age

Number of patients in a hospital (correct)

Weight

What is the correct level of measurement for SAT scores?

Nominal

Ordinal

Ratio

Interval (correct)

Which of the following is an example of a continuous variable?

Number of enrollees in a semester

Number of boys in a class

Pieces of shampoo sachets in a box

Height (correct)

Which of the following levels of measurement has no absolute zero?

Interval Signup and view all the answers

The country names categorized by their respective attributes represent which level of measurement?

Nominal Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a characteristic of ratio level measurements?

Can calculate meaningful ratios Signup and view all the answers

What type of variable is represented by the number of COVID-19 victims in a barangay?

Ratio Signup and view all the answers

Which type of data arrangement reflects significant order without meaningful differences?

Ordinal Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of inferential statistics?

Making predictions about sample populations Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes descriptive statistics?

It summarizes and presents data in an informative manner. Signup and view all the answers

What origin does the term 'statistic' come from?

New Latin phrase for council of state Signup and view all the answers

Which is NOT a use of statistics?

To manipulate data for specific results Signup and view all the answers

In which situation would descriptive statistics be most appropriate?

Calculating the mean salary of teachers in a district Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best reflects the nature of statistics as a scientific discipline?

It employs theories and methods for processing numerical information. Signup and view all the answers

What is one major limitation of using only descriptive statistics?

It does not infer trends or relationships from data. Signup and view all the answers

Which example best illustrates inferential statistics?

Determining the rate of heart disease in a sample population to predict its impact Signup and view all the answers

What type of study concludes that the average credit card debt of college graduates has increased from the year 2009-2010?

Inferential Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is an example of descriptive statistics?

The average American viewer watches 151 hours of TV per month. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between a population and a sample?

A sample is obtained through random selection from the population. Signup and view all the answers

If Mr. Lopez found out that the population consists of 2,852 full-time college faculty members, what term describes the 450 teachers he selected for his study?

Sample Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is classified as a quantitative variable?

Height of students in a classroom Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a qualitative variable from a quantitative variable?

Qualitative variables describe categories or qualities. Signup and view all the answers

In the statement 'no more than 20 people passed the Intermediate Algebra class', what is being described?

Descriptive statistic Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents a qualitative measure?

Type of fruit preferred by consumers Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Statistics Definition and Origins

Statistics is a scientific discipline using numerical information for decision-making under uncertainty.
It's a branch of mathematics involving data collection, organization, presentation, analysis, and interpretation for meaningful information.
The term "statistics" originates from the New Latin "statisticum collegium" and the Italian "statista."

Two Major Areas of Statistics

Descriptive Statistics: Organizes, presents, and summarizes data informatively (e.g., average age of students).
Inferential Statistics: Uses sample data to make inferences about a population; involves hypothesis testing, determining relationships, and making predictions (e.g., testing the relationship between gender and academic performance).

Population vs. Sample

Population: The entire group of objects or individuals under study.
Sample: A subset taken from the population, often through random selection.
Parameter: A descriptive measure of a population.
Statistic: A descriptive measure of a sample.

Variable vs. Constant

Variable: A characteristic where group members differ.
Constant: A characteristic where group members do not differ.

Qualitative vs. Quantitative Variables

Qualitative Variable: Takes on values that are names or labels; answers "what kind" (e.g., color, breed, gender).
Quantitative Variable: Numeric; has units of measure; answers "how much" or "how many" (e.g., height, weight, number of cars).

Classification of Quantitative Variables

Discrete Variable: Data that can be counted (whole numbers) (e.g., number of patients, number of boys).
Continuous Variable: Data that can be measured (decimals) (e.g., age, height, weight).

Levels of Measurement

Nominal: Data classified into categories without any order (e.g., eye color, gender).
Ordinal: Data arranged in order, but differences between values are meaningless (e.g., rankings in a taste test).
Interval: Data arranged in order, with meaningful differences, but no absolute zero (e.g., temperature).
Ratio: Data with a meaningful zero point and meaningful differences (e.g., salary, weight).