Introduction to Life Science PDF

Introduction to Life Science SLIDESMANIA.COM  OBJECTIVES 1. Explain the evolving concept of life based on emerging piece of evidence, 2. Describe the classic experiments that...

Introduction to Life Science SLIDESMANIA.COM  OBJECTIVES 1. Explain the evolving concept of life based on emerging piece of evidence, 2. Describe the classic experiments that model conditions which may have enabled the first forms evolve, 3. Describe seven emergent properties associated with life, and 4. Describe how unifying themes in the study of life show the connections among living things and how they interact with each other and with their environment. SLIDESMANIA.COM  CONCEPT OF LIFE The term BIOLOGY was derived from bios (referring to life) and logos (meaning study). Literally therefore, it means the study of life. All living things are made of cells. Some organisms are unicelular and consist of only a single cell that carries out all life processes. Other organisms aremulticellular and are conposed of many SLIDESMANIA.COM cells which perform specialized and specific functions.  7 CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE SLIDESMANIA.COM  7 CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE 1. Response to Stimuli - Is the ability of living things to react to the factors of the environment. - Stimuli and Response SLIDESMANIA.COM  7 CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE 2. Metabolism - Refers to the sum total of the chemical reactions taking place in an organisms SLIDESMANIA.COM  7 CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE 2 types of Metabolism - CATABOLISM Breakdown of a larger molecules - ANABOLISM Synthesis of larger molecules SLIDESMANIA.COM  7 CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE 3. Reproduction - Is the ability of living things to produce new individuals closely resembling them. SLIDESMANIA.COM  7 CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE 4. Growth and Development - Means have a capacity to grow and to develop. They either grow new parts or increase in size. SLIDESMANIA.COM  7 CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE 5. Homeostasis - Is maintaining a specific internal environment. Organisms maintain the right pH, temperature and electrolyte concentration among others to survive. Not being able to regulate the internal environment would SLIDESMANIA.COM lead to death  7 CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE 6. Adaptation - Is one of the organisms’ means to survive. Living organisms over the course of time gave adopted to various changing environmental conditions. SLIDESMANIA.COM  7 CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE 7. Organization - Living organism is composed of cells which are also composed of organelles and their organelles such as the cell membrane is again composed of macromolecules and these macromolecules such as fats is composed of atoms such as SLIDESMANIA.COM carbon, hydrogen, and other. ORIGIN OF LIFE SLIDESMANIA.COM  ▪ SPECIAL CREATION THEORY Many people believe that everything in this world was created by a supreme being and with Him nothing is impossible. It was narrated in Genesis 1:1-28, 2:1-4 of Bible. SLIDESMANIA.COM  ▪ SPONTANEOUS GENERATION 1. Francesco Redi – put a piece of snake meat, a fish, and a slice of veal in flasks, covered these with Muslim cloth, and waited to see if maggots would develop into meat. That maggots grew only if the flies laid on their SLIDESMANIA.COM eggs on it.  ▪ SPONTANEOUS GENERATION 2. Lazzaro Spallanzi– observed that meat juices were boiled for three-quarters of an hour and then sealed, no life developed. SLIDESMANIA.COM  ▪ SPONTANEOUS GENERATION 3. Louis Pasteur– devised a culture flask which admitted through a curved tube any bacteria contained in the air and settled on their own weight in the curve of tube. No life appeared in the flask. SLIDESMANIA.COM  ▪ BIOGENIC THEORY The invention of the microscope and advances in science made it clear that living things created other living things. When the egg and the sperm cell unite, they form a zygote. This zygote would then develop into an organism. Microorganisms like bacteria can give rise to many SLIDESMANIA.COM more bacteria.  ▪ ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY Some of the prokaryotes entered the ancestral eukaryotes and dwell inside and became a part of the eukaryotic cell. SLIDESMANIA.COM  UNIFYING THEMES IN THE STUDY OF LIFE SLIDESMANIA.COM  1. BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS A system has properties that are based on the arrangement and interactions of its parts. An ecosystem such as forest is a biological system. The biological systems theme applies to all levels of life, from the biosphere all the way down SLIDESMANIA.COM to the interactions of molecules in cells.  2. THE CELLULAR BASIS OF LIFE In most multicellular organisms, cells are organized into higher levels of organization. The next is a tissue, followed by the organ and then the organ systems that makes up an organisms SLIDESMANIA.COM  3. STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION The structure determines function, function reflects structure. Technically, they are inseparable. SLIDESMANIA.COM  4. REPRODUCTION AND INHERITANCE “Like begets like” the offspring inherits units of information called gene from their parents. Gene are responsible for family resemblance SLIDESMANIA.COM  5. ENVIRONMENTAL INTERACTIONS No organism is completely isolated from its surroundings. As part of an ecosystem, each organism interacts continuously with its environment, the plants’ three inputs for the photosynthesis process. SLIDESMANIA.COM  6. ENERGY AND LIFE Work depends on a source of energy. Energy is obtained from chemical reactions. For example, enters energy an ecosystem as sunlight and exits as heat SLIDESMANIA.COM  7. REGULATION Living organisms have the ability to regulate their internal conditions. The ability of mammals and birds to regulate body temperature is just one example of homeostasis. SLIDESMANIA.COM  8. EVOLUTION AND DIVERSITY OF LIFE Evolution explains the diversity of life, both past and present. The transmission of traits to the next generation with modification through Natural Selection explains the diversity of life as well as the fossil record. SLIDESMANIA.COM  9. SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY Scientific Inquiry involves asking questions about nature and then using observations or experiment to find possible answers to those questions. SLIDESMANIA.COM THANK YOU! SLIDESMANIA.COM