Evolution of Agrarian Reform in the Philippines PDF

John Henry Briones  Contents Spanish Philippines The Americans Commonwealth The Republic: 1946-Present https://www.manilatimes.net/2022/10/11/tmt- anniversary/agrarian-reform-moving-forward/1861619  Spanish Philippines T...

John Henry Briones  Contents Spanish Philippines The Americans Commonwealth The Republic: 1946-Present https://www.manilatimes.net/2022/10/11/tmt- anniversary/agrarian-reform-moving-forward/1861619  Spanish Philippines The King of Spain owned all the land Lands are awarded to: 1. Religious order 2. Encomendero Encomendero’s Role a. Defend from external attack b. Maintain peace and order Result: Unfair and abusive Royal Decree of 1754 protected the indigenous property right Result: Ineffective due to illegal usurpation Landgrabbing was also practiced by Spaniards, mestizos, and members of principalia. Dominant estate owners were the religious orders and caciques Note: A cacique is a tribal chieftain. 1860s a law was enacted ordering landholders to register their land Results: 1. Only those who knew benefitted from this 2. Driven out or forced to abandon Royal Decree of 1894 (Maura law) Regulation of land ownership (1 year to register) Result: Disenfranchisement of customary landowners in favor of the elites  The First Republic Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo declared in the Malolos Constitution his intention to confiscate large estates, The Republic was short-lived, Aguinaldo’s plan was never implemented. Note: The PH-American War  The Americans Significant legislations 1. Philippine Organic Law of 1902 Regulations of land (for private: 16 hectares; corporate: 1024 hectares 2. Land Registration Act of 1902 Registration of land titles under the Torrens system. 3. Public Land Act of 1903 Homestead system (allow landless peasant to acquire a public land) Results: 1. Landlord manipulation which prevented tenants from applying for grants 2. Inability of the government to undertake systematic survey 3. Inadequate infrastructure The hancendero was more interested in power than in profits and the lower house is dominated by landed elites  Commonwealth Significant legislations 1. Commonwealth Act No. 178 (An Amendment to Rice Tenancy Act No. 4045) Controls in the landlord-tenant relationships 2. Commonwealth Act No. 441 of 1939 Created the National Settlement Administration Purpose: Migration and acquisition of land  The Republic Manuel A. Roxas (1946-1948) 1. Republic Act No. 34 Established the 70-30 sharing arrangements and regulating share-tenancy contracts. 2. Republic Act No. 55 Provided safeguard against arbitrary ejectment of tenants.  Elpidio R. Quirino (1948-1953) Executive Order No. 355 Replaced the National Land Settlement Administration with Land Settlement Development Corporation (LASEDECO) Ramon Magsaysay (1953-1957) Republic Act No. 1160 Abolished LASEDECO and established the National Resettlement and Rehabilitation Administration (NARRA). Republic Act No. 1199 (Agricultural Tenancy Act of 1954) Governed the relationship between landowners and tenant farmers. President Carlos P. Garcia (1957-1961) No new legislation passed.  President Diosdado P. Macapagal (1961-1965) Republic Act No. 3844 (Agricultural Land Reform Code) Abolished share tenancy and aims to free tentants from tenancy. President Ferdinand Marcos (1965-1986) Code of Agrarian Reform Transform tillers into owner–cultivators  President Corazon C. Aquino (1986-1992) Republic Act No. 6657 (Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law) To promote social justice and industrialization President Fidel V. Ramos (1992-1998) Republic Act 8532 (Agrarian Reform Fund Bill) Provided an additional Php50 billion for CARP and extended its implementation for another 10 years.  President Joseph E. Estrada (1998-2000) Executive Order N0. 151 (Farmer’s Trust Fund) Consolidation of small farm operation into medium and large scale integrated enterprise that can access long-term capital. President Gloria Macapacal-Arroyo (2000-2010) Republic Act 9700 (CARP Extension with Reforms) Extended the deadline for 5 more years  President Benigno Aquino III (2010-2016) Agrarian Reform Community Connectivity and Economic Support Services (ARCCESS) project Contribute to the overall goal of rural poverty reduction President Rodrigo Duterte (2016-2022) Landless farmers would be awarded with undistributed lands 1. Agrarian Reform History. (2016). https://www.dar.gov.ph/about-us/agrarian-reform-history/ 2. Camagay, M. L. T., Ancheta, J. A. C., Bernal, M. S., Guiang, F. J. P. A., Malban, F. J. M., Ramos II, D. P. G. 2018. Unraveling the Past. Quezon City, Vibal Publishing House, Inc. 3. Candelaria, J. L. P., Alphora, V. C. and Kunting, A. (2021). A Course Module for Readings in Philippine History. REX Printing Company, Inc. 4. Lanzona, L. A. (2021). From Tenancy to Ownership: Lessons from the Agrarian Reform Programs from the Commonwealth to Contemporary Periods 91935-2015). National Historical Commission of the Philippines Land Reform in the Philippines: Coming Full Circle. (2020). Department of Agrarian Reform. https://www.dar.gov.ph/articles/dar-in-the-news/102083 Agrarian Reform [Audio Podcast]. (2021). PODKAS. https://www.podkas.org/hindi-nabago- yan/agrarianreform