Teaching And The Assessment Of Macro Skills PDF

TEACHING AND THE ASSESSMENT OF THE MACRO SKILLS CHAPTER 1 Prepared by: PRINCESS LEANNE MAE V. MONAHAN, LPT  From Listening as Comprehension to Listening as Acquisition Lesson 1 Listening is primarily viewed as the foundation for...

TEACHING AND THE ASSESSMENT OF THE MACRO SKILLS CHAPTER 1 Prepared by: PRINCESS LEANNE MAE V. MONAHAN, LPT  From Listening as Comprehension to Listening as Acquisition Lesson 1 Listening is primarily viewed as the foundation for language acquisition process. Listening is as important as the rest of the macro skills ye it is not explicitly taught in language classes.  From Listening as Comprehension to Listening as Acquisition Lesson 1 HEARING AND LISTENING What do you know of listening? How is it different from hearing?  From Listening as Comprehension to Listening as Acquisition Lesson 1 From the dictionary Hearing is the process, function or power of perceiving a sound. Listening is to hear something with thoughtful attention.  From Listening as Comprehension to Listening as Acquisition Lesson 1 From the book Stand up, Speak out: The Practice and Ethics of Public Speaking, hearing is “an accidental and automatic brain response to sound that requires no effort.” Listening is “purposeful and focused to understand the meanings expressed by a speaker.  From Listening as Comprehension to Listening as Acquisition Lesson 1 Listening is an integral part of communication; thus, we need to develop a keen interest in improving our listening skills.  From Listening as Comprehension to Listening as Acquisition Lesson 1 A good listener shows readiness and possess and ability to manipulate the sound into words and their contextual meaning. How does one listen actively?  From Listening as Comprehension to Listening as Acquisition Lesson 1 Active Listening In various interactions (face-to-face or virtual), listeners show their understanding and response to the speakers through verbal utterances like “ok” uh-huh”, or “oh”, and non-verbal gestures like noding and pressing the emoticon buttons in Zoom.  From Listening as Comprehension to Listening as Acquisition Lesson 1 Passive Listening is regarded as one-way communication wherein the receiver does not respond nor give feedback to the speaker in any way.  The Importance of Active Listening The Importance of Active Listening The importance of active listening in people’s everyday life cannot be argued. Guo and Wills (2006) mentioned that “it is the medium through which people gain a large proportion of their education, their information, their understanding of the world and human affairs, their ideals, sense of values. In English Language Teaching (ELT), classroom, listening is considered a basic skill.The importance of listening (activities) in language classrooms are listed below based on Rost 1994 in Yildirim 2016: Listening is vital in the language classroom because it provides input for the learner. Spoken language provides a means of interaction for the learner. In English Language Teaching (ELT), classroom, listening is considered a basic skill.The importance of listening (activities) in language classrooms are listed below based on Rost 1994 in Yildirim 2016: Listening exercises provide teachers with a means for drawing learners’ attention to new forms.  From Listening as Comprehension to Listening as Acquisition Lesson 1 Barriers of Active listening Noise. It is the most common distraction when listening. Attention span. You should know that your students can only maintain focused attention for a finite length of time. Thus, classroom lectures should be short, interesting and engaging.  Barriers of active listening Receiver biases. It may hinder one from receiving new points of view and information. Even with biases, it is important to withhold judgment all the time and promote open-minded listening. Listening or receiver apprehension. Listening or receiver apprehension is the fear that you might be unable to understand the message or process the information correctly or be able to  From Listening as Comprehension to Listening as Acquisition Lesson 1 Ethical listening Respect is the key to active listening. If you want to be heard and respected when it is your turn to speak, you should also extend the same degree of respect to others whether you agree with them or not.  From Listening as Comprehension to Listening as Acquisition Lesson 1 Stages of listening Stage 1. Receiving The first stage of the listening process is receiving which involves two other activities like hearing and attending.  From Listening as Comprehension to Listening as Acquisition Lesson 1 Stages of listening Stage 2. Understanding In understanding or comprehending the messages that you have accommodated in the first stage, the listener in this stage will have to determine the context and assign meaning to the words and utterance heard.  From Listening as Comprehension to Listening as Acquisition Lesson 1 of listening Stages Stage 3. Remembering Students only remain at least 20% of what they hear. You may also have to consider that “ you can improve your memory of a message by processing it meaningfully- that is, by applying it in ways that are meaningful to you” Gluck, 2018  From Listening as Comprehension to Listening as Acquisition Lesson 1 Stages of listening Stage 4. Evaluating In this stage basically listen only to what he/she wants to hear. Also, the listener tries to review mentally and determine the veracity of the information against his/her knowledge and experiences.  From Listening as Comprehension to Listening as Acquisition Lesson 1 Stages of listening Stage 5. Responding The last stage which is giving feedback is an important aspect of the communication process.  From Listening as Comprehension to Listening as Acquisition Lesson 1 The Process of listening Top-down and Bottom-up describe how a person processes a listening text.  From Listening as Comprehension to Listening as Acquisition Lesson 1 The Process of listening Bottom-up process, the listener, at the onset, “uses the information he/ she has about sounds, word meanings, and discourse markers, then after, tries to assemble his/her understanding of what he/she reads or hears one step at a time” Brown, 2006  From Listening as Comprehension to Listening as Acquisition Lesson 1 The Process of listening Hinkel 2006 mentioned that bottom-up processing constitutes a view of listening which is based on the linguistic elements of comprehension and aims to develop the students’ abilities in identifying formal elements such as words, sentence limits, contractions, individuals sounds, and sounds combination.  From Listening as Comprehension to Listening as Acquisition Lesson 1 The Process of listening Yildirim 2016, explains that in a top-down process, “learners use their background knowledge to comprehend the meaning by considering previous knowledge and schemata.”  IT’S TIME TO THINK ABOUT WHAT YOU’VE JUST HEARD! In your opinion, what are the ways to listen better? as a future teacher, why is it important to me?