Khalifa University - Introduction to Microbiology Lecture Notes PDF

Introduction to microbiology and three main domains Department of Biological Sciences BIOL321 – Applied Microbiology DD MONTH 20XX  ku.ac.ae Introduction Dr Madikay Senghore Assistant Pro...

Introduction to microbiology and three main domains Department of Biological Sciences BIOL321 – Applied Microbiology DD MONTH 20XX  ku.ac.ae Introduction Dr Madikay Senghore Assistant Professor in Microbial Genomics and Infectious Disease Epidemiology Department of Public Health and Epidemiology  ku.ac.ae My journey so far 2006 2010 2012 2017 2019 2023 Mentors, advisors and collaborators contributed immensely towards my journey  ku.ac.ae Course outline Structure Microbial Types of Diseases, and growth and microbes treatments identification control industrial Food Microbial Metabolism microbiology microbiology communities Quiz 1 Quiz 2 Quiz 3 Quiz 4 Midterm Finals Multiple choice One page problem Multiple choice 2 page concept Weeks Weeks Short answer statement Short answer note 1-7 9-15 questions Emerging questions Industrial In class infectious disease In class microbiology threat to UAE Design a solution 25% 30%  Presentation Title Goes Here DD Month 20XX ku.ac.ae Key definitions the branch of science that deals Microbiology with microorganisms. a microscopic organism, especially Microorganisms a bacterium, virus, or fungus. 5  ku.ac.ae 6 The Conflict Over Spontaneous Generation Spontaneous generation Idea that living organisms can develop from nonliving or decomposing matter. Discredited by Francesco Redi (1626 to 1697). Showed maggots on decaying meat came from fly eggs. John Needham (1713 to 1781) Based on observation that boiled hay gave rise to microorganisms he stated that some extracts have have what it takes to confer life from non-living material. Lazzaro Spallanzani (1729 to 1799) Proved that the Hay itself didn’t make microorganisms if in sealed environment.  ku.ac.ae 7 Louis Pasteur (1822 to 1895) Nationality: French Profession: Chemist Date: mid-late 1800’s -Hypothesized that microbes are in the air -Defeat of spontaneous generation (Pasteur flask experiment) - Rabies vaccine (establishment of Pasteur Institute in Paris in 1888) - Principles of fermentation Pixtal/age fotostock  ku.ac.ae Swan-Necked Flask Experiments of Pasteur ‘Swan-neck flask’ experiments. Created flasks with long, curved necks. Boiled the solutions. Left flasks exposed to air. Results: no growth of microorganisms in swan-neck flasks. 8  ku.ac.ae The Role of Microorganisms in Disease Was not immediately obvious. Infectious disease believed to be due to supernatural forces or imbalances of 4 bodily-fluid ‘humors’. Blood, phlegm, yellow bile [choler], and black bile [melancholy]. Establishing a connection between microorganisms and disease depended on development of techniques for studying microbes. 9  ku.ac.ae 10 Further Early Evidence for the Relationship Between Microorganisms and Disease Louis Pasteur (1822 to 1895) Demonstrated microorganisms carried out fermentation. Helped French wine industry by developing pasteurization to avoid wine spoilage by microbes. Joseph Lister (1827 to 1912) Provided indirect evidence that microorganisms were the causal agents of disease. Developed an antiseptic surgery system to prevent microorganisms from entering wounds. His patients had fewer postoperative infections.  ku.ac.ae Robert Koch Nationality: German Profession: Physician Date: mid-late 1800’s Nobel prize 1905 – Tuberculosis work -Founder of pure culture microbiology -Famous for the mouse experiment using Koch’s postulates – definitively linking a specific microorganism to a specific disease -Tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)  ku.ac.ae Final Proof on role of microbes in disease Robert Koch (1843 to 1910) Established the relationship between Bacillus anthracis and anthrax. Demonstrated that Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes tuberculosis (TB). “Koch’s postulates” Criteria still used today to establish the link between a Bettmann/Getty Images microorganism and a disease. 12  ku.ac.ae Koch’s Postulates and Tuberculosis 13  ku.ac.ae 14 Limitations of Koch’s Postulates Some organisms cannot be grown in pure culture because they rely on host cells. Lack animal model Using humans in completing the postulates is unethical. Molecular and genetic evidence may replace and overcome these limits.  ku.ac.ae Microbes cause disease in humans, plants and animals  Presentation Title Goes Here DD Month 20XX ku.ac.ae 16 But they are also important for food production, industry and maintaining the environment  ku.ac.ae The even affect the air we breathe! Ancient earth: CO2 98% N2 1.9% O2 0% CH4