Lecture 1: Introduction to Biosensors Lecture Notes PDF

Lecture 1: Introduction to Biosensors Prof. Arum Han NanoBio Systems Laboratory Dept. Electrical and Computer Engineering & Dept. Biomedical Engineering...

Lecture 1: Introduction to Biosensors Prof. Arum Han NanoBio Systems Laboratory Dept. Electrical and Computer Engineering & Dept. Biomedical Engineering Texas A&M University Prof. Arum Han, NanoBio Systems Laboratory 1 Dept. Electrical and Computer Engineering & Dept. Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University  What is a Biosensor? Sensors § Physical sensors: § Chemical sensors: § Biosensors: Biosensors: Devices that combine a biologically sensitive element with a physical or chemical transducer to detect the presence of specific compounds in a given external environment § Transducer: A system that converts one type of energy to another § Sensors, Actuators Biosensors consist of biorecognition systems, typically enzymes or binding proteins immobilized onto the surface of a physical or chemical transducer Prof. Arum Han, NanoBio Systems Laboratory 2 Dept. Electrical and Computer Engineering & Dept. Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University  The Nose as a Sensor: Biosensors in Human Prof. Arum Han, NanoBio Systems Laboratory 3 Dept. Electrical and Computer Engineering & Dept. Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University  Biosensors Biorecognition systems: § Enzymes, antibodies, DNAs, bacteria, single cell organisms, and whole tissues of higher organisms Transducer detects specific interactions between the target analyte and biorecognition layer: § Optical, electrochemical, mechanical, and magnetic detection, piezo-electric, thermal Dr. J. –W. Choi, Dept. Electrical and Computer Engineering, Louisiana State University Prof. Arum Han, NanoBio Systems Laboratory 4 Dept. Electrical and Computer Engineering & Dept. Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University  Biosensors & Their Applications Medical research and Point-of-care testing clinical diagnosis Glucose, cardiac Immunoassay, cancer/disease biomarkers, cholesterols, detection, etc. etc. Biosensors Food and environmental Biotechnology testing applications E. coli, biological oxygen DNA sequencing, DNA demand (BOD), water quality, chips, protein chips, etc. etc. Dr. J. –W. Choi, Dept. Electrical and Computer Engineering, Louisiana State University Prof. Arum Han, NanoBio Systems Laboratory 5 Dept. Electrical and Computer Engineering & Dept. Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University  History and Background Understanding of Acid/Base Chemistry pH (1909) Modern Electrochemistry (1920s) Clark sensor (1958) Prof. Arum Han, NanoBio Systems Laboratory 6 Dept. Electrical and Computer Engineering & Dept. Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University  History and Background Glucose electrode (1967) Early Optical Methods Thermal Enzyme Probe (TEP, 1980) 1980s § Miniaturization, portable and implantable devices § Measurements in areas previously impossible § On-site measurement Current Trend: Toward more Integrated and Compact System Prof. Arum Han, NanoBio Systems Laboratory 7 Dept. Electrical and Computer Engineering & Dept. Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University  Ideal Biosensor Prof. Arum Han, NanoBio Systems Laboratory 8 Dept. Electrical and Computer Engineering & Dept. Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University  Overall Class Contents Detection Methods (biorecognition elements and Transducers) § Electrochemical Detection (including enzyme electrode) § Immunosensing § Optical sensing (including SPR) § Mechanical sensors as a biosensor § Other detection techniques Bioelectricity Miniaturized Biosensors § Microfabrication basics § Miniaturized biosensors § Implantable sensors § Living biosensors § Nanotechnology based biosensors Prof. Arum Han, NanoBio Systems Laboratory 9 Dept. Electrical and Computer Engineering & Dept. Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University