Lecture 1: Introduction to the Nervous System PDF

LECTURE I INTRODUCTION TO THE NERVOUS SYSTEM TheCNSintegrates stimulus transmitsmotorresponse NSmadeupof 50 neurons 50 glialcells Glialcells ProvideSupport Suppliesnutrients 02 insulates neurons cleandebris Oligodendrocytes CNS SchwannCells PNS ÉtSy pticPotential Gradedelectrochemi...

LECTURE I INTRODUCTION TO THE NERVOUS SYSTEM TheCNSintegrates stimulus transmitsmotorresponse NSmadeupof 50 neurons 50 glialcells Glialcells ProvideSupport Suppliesnutrients 02 insulates neurons cleandebris Oligodendrocytes CNS SchwannCells PNS ÉtSy pticPotential Gradedelectrochemical responseconvergesat axonhillock integration ActionPotential AP All ornothingelectrochemicalresponsedueto changes in membranepotentialdue to ionPermeabil Greyversuswhitemattermm GreyMatter Groups of cell bodies Groupsof cell bodiesdendrites terminalendings nuclei CNS ganglia PNS Site of integration and transformation WhiteMatter Bundleofmyelinatedaxon Pathways connecting areas ofgreymatter foundat difflevels of nervoussystem brain grayoutsidewhiteinside spinalcord whiteoutsidegreyinside MainComponents of the NS utralnervoussystemCcns SpinalCord brainstem within skeleton Brain divided into hindbrain midbrain forebrain PeripheralNervous system PNS Outsideskeleton Dividedintosomatic skeletalmuscle autonomic organssmoothmuscle glands Enteric GI tractbloodflow AutonomicNervous systemdividedinto sympathetic NS fightorflight ParasympatheticNS rest digest msfa.tn ftreaEsEndingto brain agent descendingfrombrain esserent Entry exit to fromPNS CNScomponentiBrainsteman Collectively referstoPonsmedulla hindbrain midbrain Contains 12 Cranial nerves innervating eyeshead neck uppertrunk criticalto autonomicfunction alertness eye headmovements EEEE.EEEedEbiEypons 10 ofbrain size yetcontains 50 ofbrains neurons containsdenseafferent efferentconnections w brainstem cortex ask.EEiEiEEiiEEinnalamusa descendingmotortracts Contributes to the control of movementlearning cognition emotions Gangliadespitebeing in CNS halamusatypothalamTman myrgygemponents Relay area between cortexandCNS Plays a role in alertness Essential to sensorimotor Processing exceptsmell Hypothalamus Contributes tocontrol ofinternalbodyfunctions homeostasis Linksnervoussystem endocrinesystem Igtisemonetcerebratarten decision making Responsible for higherorderthinking behaviour executivepto s S's Action Control bodymovement eye movement speech Occipital lobe Receives visualinput Processesmaiour enitimention motion Parietallobe Receives Processes sensory information relatingtouch taste ReceivesProcessed visual auditoryinfo from occipital temporalcortices Integrates info from senses for objectperception motorcontrol Temporal lobe Receives raw auditoryinputfromthalamus earlyProcessingofSound Storage retreival of memories Combinesvisual info intoobjectPerceptions Vision Thalamus Occipital Parietal EmotionProcessing groupingofobjects Audio Thalamus temporal Parietal Amygdala hippocampus contributesto memorystorage Brodmann Area Region of Cortexgrouped byCytoarchitecture mirrorsfunctioncreating link betweenBrodmann area functional Cortextaxonomy