Lecture 8: Medicinal Plants (2024/2025) - Mansoura National University

Medicinal plants 2024/2025 Lecture 8 Dr. Amal F. Soliman Associate Professor of Pharmacognosy  ‫أجزاء المنهج‬ ❑ Anatomy (Lectures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7) ❑ Dusting powders (Lecture 8) ❑ Taxonomy Today's lecture (Lecture 6) ❑ Physiology ❑...

Medicinal plants 2024/2025 Lecture 8 Dr. Amal F. Soliman Associate Professor of Pharmacognosy  ‫أجزاء المنهج‬ ❑ Anatomy (Lectures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7) ❑ Dusting powders (Lecture 8) ❑ Taxonomy Today's lecture (Lecture 6) ❑ Physiology ❑ Introduction to Pharmacognosy  Taxonomy ‫عمل تصنيف النبااتت‬ ▪ Taxonomy is the science of Kingdom describing, naming and classification of organisms. Phylum/Division ▪ Classification: the grouping of organisms based on similarities. Class ▪ Scientific names are necessary because the same common name is Order used for different plants in different areas of the world. Family ▪ Latin is the language used for scientific classification. Genus Species King Philip Called Out for Good Soup !!!!  Scientific binomial system Example ▪ A two named system for writing scientific names. ✓ The genus name is written first (always Capitalized). ✓ The species name is written second (never capitalized). Ocimum africanum ▪ Both words are italicized if typed or underlined if hand-written. Genus Species Ocimum africanum  Family Gramineae Poaceae Rice, maize, wheat Family Leguminosae Fabaceae Bean or pea Family Ocimum africanum Family: Lamiaceae This is the new name for Labiatae Syzygium aromaticum L. The surname of the person, who first named the plant (Author) Genus Species Digitalis purpurea Genus Species Digitalis lanata ‫دواء موجود ىف الصيدليات‬ ‫لعالج فشل القلب الاحتقاىن‬  Identification of plant (Origin) Origin of Mentha ‫النعناع‬ The dried leaves of Mentha pipperita F. Lamiaceae Family Official part Genus Species 8 Species name may refer to: ▪ Some morphological characters: Piper nigrum ▪ Geographical source: Olea europeae, Cannabis indica ▪ Special indications: Quillaia saponaria (Saponins ‫(حيتوى مواد فعاةل تُسمى‬ Piper nigrum Olea europeae Quillaia saponaria ‫الفلفل ا ألسود‬ ‫الزيتون‬ ‫القالجة الصابونية‬ The (Old) Classification of Organisms: two kingdoms: Carl Linnaeus The (New) Classification of Organisms: five kingdoms: Robert Harding Whittaker 1920-1980 Produce spores Clubmosses ‫طحالب‬ Ferns ‫سراخس‬ ‫مغطاة البذور‬ ‫معراة البذور‬ Example of Gymnosperms Pine tree ‫الصنوبر‬ Angiosperms (Flowering plants)  Maize plant Mentha plant (Monocot plant) (Dicot plant) Example on Monocots Monocot families 1- Gramineae (Poaceae) Oryza sativa L. (Rice) Triticum aestivum L. (Wheat) caryopsis fruit (pericarp is fused with the seed) parallel venation of leaves. 18 Monocot families 2- Zingiberaceae ‫زز‬ Ginger ‫الجنبيل‬ Curcuma (turmeric) ‫الكركم‬ The stems are rhizomatous and sympodial (branched). 19 Monocot families 3- Liliaceae Squill ‫بصل العنصل‬ Colchicum ‫اللحالح‬ food stored in stem forming bulb or rhizome. The leaves are basal and cauline (attached directly to the stem) 20  Example on Dicots 1) Family Umbelliferae "Apiaceae" 2) Family Solanaceae 3) Family Compositae "Asteraceae" which is the largest family 4) Family Leguminosae "Fabaceae" 5) Family Labiatae "Lamiaceae" Umbelliferae (Apiaceae)‫العائلة الخيمية‬ Anise ‫الينسون‬ Fennel ‫الشمر‬ Umbel inflorescence. Cremocarp fruits. Contains volatile oils. 22  Dill Parsley celery Carrot Anise Coriander Fennel Caraway  Family Solanaceae General characters: 1- Anisocytic stomata. 2- Clavate glandular trichome. 3- Different types of ca-oxalate crystals. 4- Rich in alkaloids. Food plants: Tomato Potato Egg plant Medicinal plants: Belladona ‫ست الحسن‬ Datura ‫داتورة‬ Capsicum ‫الشطة‬  Family Compositae (Asteraceae) General characters: 1- Capitulum inflorescence. 1- Compositae glandular trichome. 2- Reserve food inulin instead of starch. Food plants: Lettuce ‫الخس‬ Chicory ‫السريس‬ Sunflower (Edible oil source) Medicinal plants: Chamomile ‫البابونج‬ Santonica ‫الشيح الخرساني‬  Family Leguminosae (Fabaceae) General characters: 1- Paracytic stomata. 2-The root contains root nodules (nitrogen-fixing bacteria). 3- Fruits are legume. Food plants: Bean ‫الفول‬ Pea ‫البسلة‬ Clover ‫البرسيم‬ Medicinal plants: Liquorice ‫العرقسوس‬ Fenugreek ‫الحلبة‬  Family Lamiaceae (Labiatae) General characters: 1- Diacytic stomata. 2- Labiaceous gl. trichome. 3- Contain volatile oils. Plants: Mentha ‫النعناغ‬ Thymus ‫الزعتر‬ Basil ‫الريحان‬ 1 ▪ Is it a monocot or a dicot plant? Please explain your answer. ▪ What is the type of stomata ? ▪ Mention its name and to which family it belongs ? 2 ▪ Is it a monocot or a dicot plant? Please explain your answer. ▪ What is the type of stomata ? ▪ Mention its name and to which family it belongs ?  3 Choose ▪ Tracheids are mostly found in: a. Monocot plants b. Dicot plants c. Angiosperms d. Gymnosperms ▪ Ginger rhizome, curcuma rhizome and cardamom seeds are medicinal plants belonging to the family? a. Poaceae b. Zingiberaceae c. Liliaceae d. Fabaceae ▪ To which of the followings, does onion belong ? a. Fabaceae b. Solanaceae c. Liliaceae d. Brassicaceae ▪ Which type of stomata could be found in plants of family Solanaceae? a. Anomocytic b. Anisocytic c. Diacytic d. Paracytic