Lecture 5 Standardization techniques PDF

Dent 4407 Research Methods in Dentistry Week 5: Standardization Techniques Associate Professor Banu Öter, DDS,PhD Bahçeşehir University School of Dentistry Department of Pediatric Dentistry Course Resources Research Ethics 24.10.2023 Assoc Prof Banu Öter Standardization Techniques 31.10.2023...

Dent 4407 Research Methods in Dentistry Week 5: Standardization Techniques Associate Professor Banu Öter, DDS,PhD Bahçeşehir University School of Dentistry Department of Pediatric Dentistry Course Resources Research Ethics 24.10.2023 Assoc Prof Banu Öter Standardization Techniques 31.10.2023 Assoc Prof Banu Öter Standardization techniques Standardization refers to methods used in gathering and treating subjects for a specific study. In order to compare the results of one group to the results of a second group, we must assure that each group receives the same opportunities to succeed. Standardization Techniques 31.10.2023 Assoc Prof Banu Öter Standardization techniques for instance, painstakingly assure that each student receives is given the same amount of time resources Standardization Techniques questions type of testing environment 31.10.2023 in the same order Assoc Prof Banu Öter Standardization techniques no standardization Standardization Techniques no adequate comparament between groups 31.10.2023 Assoc Prof Banu Öter Standardization techniques For example, imagine that one group of students was given a particular test and allowed four hours to complete it in a quiet and well lit room. A second group was given the same test but only allowed 30 minutes to complete it while sitting in a busy school lunchroom full of laughing and talking children. If group 1 scored higher than group 2 could we truly say that they did better? The answer is obviously ‘no.’ To make sure we can compare results, we must make everything equal between the two or more groups. Only then could we say that group 1 performed better than group 2. Standardization Techniques 31.10.2023 Assoc Prof Banu Öter Standardization in data collection Organizations like the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) or American Dental Association (ADA) have defined several standardized methods and procedures for data collection, which routinely are used in dental research . Standardization Techniques 31.10.2023 Assoc Prof Banu Öter Standardization in data collection Standardization is a process by which methodological differences between studies can be minimized. Therefore, whenever a standardized international recommendation for a procedure exists, it should be preferred and followed, and any deviation from it should be fully described and fully justifed. Standardization Techniques 31.10.2023 Assoc Prof Banu Öter Use reliable, valid, practical method Therefore, whenever a standardized international recommendation for a procedure exists, it should be preferred and followed, and any deviation from it should be fully described and fully justifed. You may have invented a specific way to conduct your research, in which case it must be reliable, valid, and practical, and not merely based on your own rules. These methods must be defined precisely to ensure that other researchers or critical reviewers can confirm your results or compare them with those obtained in the framework of other previously published studies. Standardization Techniques 31.10.2023 Assoc Prof Banu Öter Standardized test… Research Ethics 24.10.2023 Assoc Prof Banu Öter Reliability vs validity Reliability and validity are concepts used to evaluate the quality of research. They indicate how well a method, technique. or test measures something. Reliability is about the consistency of a measure, and validity is about the accuracy of a measure.opt It’s important to consider reliability and validity when you are creating your research design, planning your methods, and writing up your results, especially in quantitative research. Failing to do so can lead to several types of research bias and seriously affect your work. Standardization Techniques 31.10.2023 Assoc Prof Banu Öter What is Reliability Reliability refers to how consistently a method measures something. If the same result can be consistently achieved by using the same methods under the same circumstances, the measurement is considered reliable. You measure the temperature of a liquid sample several times under identical conditions. The thermometer displays the same temperature every time, so the results are reliable. A doctor uses a symptom questionnaire to diagnose a patient with a long-term medical condition. Several different doctors use the same questionnaire with the same patient but give different diagnoses. This indicates that the questionnaire has low reliability as a measure of the condition. Standardization Techniques 31.10.2023 Assoc Prof Banu Öter What is Validity Validity refers to how accurately a method measures what it is intended to measure. If research has high validity, that means it produces results that correspond to real properties, characteristics, and variations in the physical or social world. High reliability is one indicator that a measurement is valid. If a method is not reliable, it probably isn’t valid. If the thermometer shows different temperatures each time, even though you have carefully controlled conditions to ensure the sample’s temperature stays the same, the thermometer is probably malfunctioning, and therefore its measurements are not valid. If a symptom questionnaire results in a reliable diagnosis when answered at different times and with different doctors, this indicates that it has high validity as a measurement of the medical condition. Standardization Techniques 31.10.2023 Assoc Prof Banu Öter Reliability and validity Standardization Techniques 31.10.2023 Assoc Prof Banu Öter