Lecture 5- GMOs - 01102024 - PDF

Human Rights in Scientific Research HRSR-T309 3rd Level Biotechnology English 2024-2025 1 Genetically Modified Organisms Sawsan Elateek [email protected]  Is a plant, animal, microorganism or other organism whose genetic makeup has been modified in a la...

Human Rights in Scientific Research HRSR-T309 3rd Level Biotechnology English 2024-2025 1 Genetically Modified Organisms Sawsan Elateek [email protected]  Is a plant, animal, microorganism or other organism whose genetic makeup has been modified in a laboratory using genetic engineering  The World Heath Organization (WHO) defines them as organisms whose DNA has been altered in a non-natural way. Examples of GMOs  Production of Golden Rice Rice - which was produced through genetic engineering - That can biosynthesize beta-carotene which is a precursor of vitamin A CRISPR Cas9 babies The two Chinese girls which had been cured from HIV by CRISPR technique Bacillus anthracis incident Introduction of an alien gene into Bacillus anthracis that altered its immunological properties making it resist the vaccine which was produced at that time Triggering food allergies at rapid increment Food allergies been related to GMOs due to the transfer of specific protein from one plant to another. In the mid-1990s, researchers examined a strain of GM soybean that was engineered to contain protein from Brazil nuts. According to their report in the New England Journal of Medicine, the soybeans triggered allergic reactions in people with Brazil nut allergy. Those soybeans never entered the market and aren’t sold to consumers  Carcinogenicity of GMOs Some reports claim that glyphosate “A herbicide used on some GMOs” is a carcinogen, when glyphosate where added to growing cells on petri dish, the cells were associated with abnormal behavior. However These cells don’t act like body cells yet we should take care as it might cause a problem on the long-run  Antibiotics Resistance In theory when eating a GM plant carrying the antibiotic resistance genes can, such genes can be transferred to gastro-bacteria in animal or human making the bacteria resistant to a specific antibiotic thus making the antibiotic ineffective The risk of such a gene transfer is very small yet should taken in consideration  Food Food  Some Safety studies link  It is Security not possible to GMOs to health risks prove a food is safe, like organ damage , only to say that no cancer , hormone hazard has been disruption , fertility shown to exist issues , and gut  The fears of GMOs bacteria damage are still theoretical , like the possibility  GMO foods often that insertion of one contain glyphosate , or a few genes could a harmful herbicide have a negative which has been linked impact on other to cancer , kidney desirable genes damage , and celiac naturally present in disease the crop  Ethical Considerations Researchers: Developing new technology = Intellectual property GMOs Companies: = Copy rights Consumers: 1- The rights of consumers to (be informed)- know- notified if the any product is GMOs 2- The rights of consumers to know the potential benefits and risks of consuming GMOs products. 3- The right of consumers to choose not to consume GMOs products 4- The rights for the consumer to have the non-GMOs available as well as GMOs products  References https://www.google.it/url? sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&c d=2&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwiTj enjgPjeAhWvposKHQTMABMQFjABegQIBx AB&url=https%3A%2F %2Fwww.onegreenplanet.org %2Fanimalsandnature%2Fthe- environmental-impact-of-gmos %2F&usg=AOvVaw1f1CWm2_MyLeehgtK shAyn http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/x9602e/x96 02e04.htm#TopOfPage http://ib.bioninja.com.au/standard-level/top ic-3-genetics/35-genetic-modification-and/