Health Promotion Lecture PDF

Health Promotion 1  Introduction. Def. of Health. Factors affect health status The determinants of health. Health promotion. The focus of health promotion. Barriers to health promotion. Elements of health promotion. 2 Introduction 3 ...

Health Promotion 1  Introduction. Def. of Health. Factors affect health status The determinants of health. Health promotion. The focus of health promotion. Barriers to health promotion. Elements of health promotion. 2 Introduction 3  Health Health is individually defined by each person. On a personal level, individuals define health according to: - How they feel - Absence or presence of symptoms of illness - And ability to carry out activities. 4 5 6 Health is affected by many factors, some are controllable and some are not 7 1- Genetic factors *Refers to all the traits that were biologically passed on to you from your parents. *Ithas its role in developing many genetic abnormities among newborn. *An individual may not be born with a disease but may be at high risk of acquiring disease. This is called as genetic predisposition or susceptibility. e.g. asthma, heart disease and some cancers heredity is a risk factor 8 for these diseases. 2- Economic factors *Economic level has its impact on the health of the individuals, societies and nations. *It will affect the public health services, treatment, housing, spread of the disease in poor and developing countries. 9 3- Social and cultural factors *The human body is built to be part of a society; and putting time and effort into positively interacting with others will inevitably bring many health benefits. *Culture is a pattern of ideas, customs and behaviors shared by a particular people or society. 10 *It affects perceptions of health, illness and death, beliefs about causes of disease, approaches to health promotion, how illness and pain are experienced and expressed, where patients seek help, and the types of treatment patients prefer. *Cultures affect the type of food, the pattern of living and life style as early marriage, religious and spiritual aspects. 11 4- Occupational factors *Each type of work involves specific health hazards and risks. *Some occupations lead to certain disease as lung disease, cancer as those who exposed to radiation and varicose veins as teachers and nurses. 12 5- Environmental pollution factors *As water and air pollution that has its negative impacts on health as respiratory disease, led poisoning and gastroenteritis diseases * Exposure to outdoor air pollution is associated with health effects ranging from irritant effects to death. 13 *Water pollution is one of the major crisis that the world faces today, and it affects millions of people who don’t have access to clean drinking water. The government spends time and effort to focus on water pollution and its effects to protect the people. 14 6- Nutrition *Eating non healthy food will affect the health of the individuals and societies. Diabetes, hypertension and obesity will increase among individuals. So, healthy balanced food should be received and considered. *Food control should also be considered to improve the health 15 7- Societal changes that influence the infectious disease increased international traffic (goods, people) ecological changes (global warming/extreme weather) new production methods for food microbial adaptation (= resistance) changing contact patterns (megacities) societal breakdown (conflicts) 16 17 What is Health Promotion all about? It is the process of enabling people to increase control over and improve their health. It is the process of helping people enhance their well-being & maximize their human potential. It emphasizes not only prevention of disease but the promotion of positive good health. 18 Health Promotion is An Effective Approach to Achieve the Sustainable Development Goals ( Egypt 2030) 19  The focus of health promotion is changing patterns of behavior to promote health rather than simply to avoid disease. 20 The focus of health promotion is: Changing patterns of behavior to promote health rather than simply to avoid illness. Promoting healthy lifestyles. Getting people involved in their own health care. Creating an environment that makes it possible to live a healthy life. Recognition of lifestyle diseases as major causes of illness and death. 21 Strengthening community participation. The Principles of health promotion: 1- Empowerment : a way of working to enable people to gain greater control over decisions and actions affecting their health. 2- Participative : where people take an active part in decision making. 3- Holistic: taking account of the separate influences on health and the interaction of these dimensions. 4- Equitable: ensuring fairness of outcomes for service users. 22 5-Intersectoral: working in partnership with other relevant agencies/ organizations. 6-Sustainable: ensuring that the outcomes of health promotion activities are sustainable in the long term. 7-Multi Strategy: working on a number of strategy areas such as programs, policy. 23 24 Elements of health promotion 25 1- Nutrition Eat a variety of foods: From all food groups (vegetables, fruits, meats, milk, breads and cereals). Avoid too much sodium: cook without salts, add little salt to food on the table and read labels to determine amount of sodium. Eat slowly Concentrate on eating rather than reading or watching T.V. Eat frequent meals. Avoid too much saturated fat and cholesterol. Eat foods with adequate starch and fiber and avoid too much sugar. Don’t skip breakfast 26 Food pyramid 27 2- Exercise Benefits of exercise: Helps people achieve and maintain a healthy weight, improving self-image, appearance and health. Reduces feelings of stress, anxiety & depression Builds and maintains healthy bones, muscles & joints Boosts energy level Improves quality of sleep 28  Reduce the risk of Heart Disease, stroke, and cancer Control or prevent development of Disease Enhance Mental Abilities 29 3- Sleep Sufficient sleep is essential for maintaining optimal physical health, mental and emotional functioning, and cognitive performance. Regulates release of important hormones. Slows the aging process. Boosts the immune system. Improves brain function. Sleep reduces cortisol levels. Inadequate sleep time and poor quality sleep interfere with quality of life and can be 30 hazardous to health. Suggestions for good night’s sleep: Go to bed at a set time each night and get up at the same time each morning. Try to exercise 20-30 minutes a day. Drink a glass of warm milk. Avoid caffeine, nicotine, and alcohol. Relax before bed. A warm bath, reading,or another relaxing routine can make it easier to fall asleep. Bedroom should be a quiet, dark, and relaxing environment. 31  Avoid eating large meals just before going to sleep. Don't lie in bed awake. If you can't get to sleep, don't just lie in bed. Do something else, like reading, watching television, or listening to music, until you feel tired. Control bedroom temperature that is neither too hot nor too cold. See a doctor if sleeping problem continues, if you have trouble falling asleep night after night, or if you always feel tired the next day, then you may have a sleep disorder and should see a physician. 32 4- Stress management Stress lead to: Psychological health influences physical health. Contributes to development and progression of serious and chronic illness. Short-temper/ calmness, moodiness, anger, nervousness, anxiety, paranoia, nervous tics, muscle spasms, boredom. Increases muscular tension & headaches. Impaired concentration, mental confusion, poor judgment, irritability. Older appearance, sagging eyes, creasing forehead. 33 Skin disorders: acne, eczema, psoriasis, baldness. Chronic head and neck aches, stiff muscles, low back pain, painful joints, arthritis. Weight gain, upset stomach, high cholesterol. Colds, Flus, Asthma, Frequent Infections. Overuse of drugs, tranquilizers and sleeping pills. Instability and uncertainty can increase the disease process. 34 35 There are several ways to manage stress: Avoid role overload and know when to say no Eat balanced meals and add mood boosting options Ensure you get enough rest and sleep Take time off work for vacation and relaxing time with family Engage in routine physical activity like walking 36  Get a massage and try yoga and meditation Practice forgiveness routinely Engage in social gatherings activities that enhance mood Use the time to pray, listen to music, relax and try to think of pleasant things or nothing. Take a break from worries by doing something enjoy. 37 38 Barriers to health promotion 1- Socioeconomic level: The socioeconomic level of an individual influences the affordability of health care and health promotion activities. Persons may delay seeking treatment or information due to lack of money. 2- Environment: Crowded living conditions increased risk for infections. 39 3-Work: Work influences health & wellness. Many employers today provide health screening and health prevention programs for employees work safety is imperative for optimum health and wellness. 4- Education: Education may influence the level of understanding among the public. Lay persons often do not have the knowledge base to know what causes a disease, or how to prevent the 40 development of disease. 5- Gender: Individuals are susceptible to gender-specific health alteration. 6- Cultural & spiritual influences: Many cultures have beliefs regarding health, and wellness. Cultural differences must be recognized to enhance learning and allow for the development of appropriate health prevention measures for a client. 41 So that health promotion may require some gradual adjustment, And health improvement is readily accessible once you commit to it 42 43 44