Lecture 3 - Skeleton PowerPoint PDF

Lecture-3 skeleton Prof Omnia Sameer Asst. Prof. Dr. Marwa El-sayed Abd El-kader Learning Outcomes At the end of the lecture, the students should be able to: Identify the definition and function of the bone. Classify the bones according to position, structure &...

Lecture-3 skeleton Prof Omnia Sameer Asst. Prof. Dr. Marwa El-sayed Abd El-kader Learning Outcomes At the end of the lecture, the students should be able to: Identify the definition and function of the bone. Classify the bones according to position, structure & shape Describe the parts and blood supply of the long bones 1) Function of the skeleton. 2) Classification of the bone. A) According to position. B) According to shape. C) According to Structure. 3) Parts & blood Supply of long bone.  Function of the Skeleton Definition: Calcified connective tissue Functions: 1) Support the human body. 2) Protection of soft vital structures e.g. the skull protects the brain. 3) Motion through joints and muscles attached to it. 4) Formation of blood cells in red bone marrow. 5) Stores and releases calcium & phosphorus. Classification of bone according to position in the body Axial skeleton: Skull Vertebral Column Thoracic Cage. Appendicular skeleton: Upper Limb Lower Limb.  Axial Skeleton The Skull Vertebral Column Thoracic Cage The skull is the skeleton of the head. Consists of cranium It protects the heart & lungs. and mandible. Consists of: Protects the brain, 32-33 vertebrae, divided into: The sternum: anteriorly. eyes and ears. 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 fused 12 Pairs of ribs: laterally. sacral vertebrae (Sacrum), 3-4 fused 12 Thoracic vertebrae: coccygeal vertebrae (Coccyx) posteriorly. Appendicular Skeleton  Appendicular Skeleton Upper limb Lower limb Girdle Shoulder Girdle: Clavicle & Scapula Pelvic Girdle: Hip bone Proximal Arm Thigh Segment ▪ Humerus ▪ Femur Forearm Leg Middle ▪ Laterally: Radius ▪ Laterally: Fibula Segment ▪ Medially: ulna ▪ Medially: Tibia Hand Foot ▪ Carpals (8) ▪ Tarsals (7) Distal Segment ▪ Metacarpals: (5) ▪ Metatarsals: (5) ▪ Phalanges: 3 for each finger & 2 for ▪ Phalanges: 3 for each toe & 2 for the thumb the big toe. Classification According to Shape 1. Long bones: found in proximal & intermediate segments of limbs 2. Short bones: as the carpals and tarsals. 3. Flat bones: as scapula, ribs & skull cap. 4. Irregular bones: as the vertebrae & hip bone. 5. Pneumatic bones: contain air-filled spaces as bones of the face. 6. Sesamoid bones: These are small bones, as Patella (largest sesamoid).  Parts of the Long Bone 1) Epiphysis: The end of long bone. 2) Diaphysis: The shaft of long bone. 3) Epiphyseal cartilage. Plate of hyaline cartilage separate the end from the shaft. Site of growth of bone in length. It ossifies at a certain age. 4) Metaphysis: Region of the shaft close to epiphyseal cartilage. 5) Periosteum: It is a fibrous membrane cover the shaft. humerus clavicle sternum vertebrea  rib scapulae  radius ulna sacrum femur hip tibia fibula  phalanges phalanges metatarsal metacarpal carpal tarsal hand foot Self- Assessment Identify name & types (Shape) of these bones Identify name & types (Shape) of these bones 1) One of the axial skeleton bones is ………… a) Ulna b) Femur c) Humerus d) Scapula e) Sternum 2) The skeleton of the arm is ……………. a) Femur b) Humerus c) Radius d) Ulna e) Clavicle 3) Which of the following is a pneumatic bone? a) Skull cap b) Bone of the face c) Sternum d) Rib e) Vertebrae 4) The shaft of the long bone is called.......... A. Epiphysis. B. Epiphyseal cartilage. C. Diaphysis. D. Periosteum. E. Metaphysis