Podcast
Questions and Answers
One of the axial skeleton bones is:
The skeleton of the arm is:
Which of the following is a pneumatic bone?
The shaft of the long bone is called:
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What is the definition of bone?
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List one function of the skeleton.
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What are the three classifications of bone according to structure?
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What part of a long bone is responsible for growth in length?
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What protects the brain in the human body?
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Study Notes
Functions of the Skeleton
- Definition: Calcified connective tissue
- Functions:
- Supports the human body
- Protects soft, vital structures like the brain (skull)
- Facilitates motion through joints and muscles attached to it
- Forms blood cells in red bone marrow
- Stores and releases calcium and phosphorus
Classification of Bones
According to Position:
-
Axial skeleton:
- Skull: Protects the brain, eyes, and ears. Composed of the cranium and mandible.
- Vertebral column: Supports the body. Consists of 32-33 vertebrae:
- Cervical vertebrae (7)
- Thoracic vertebrae (12)
- Lumbar vertebrae (5)
- Sacral vertebrae (Sacrum, 5 fused)
- Coccygeal vertebrae (Coccyx, 3-4 fused)
- Thoracic cage: Protects the heart and lungs. Composed of:
- The sternum (anteriorly)
- 12 pairs of ribs (laterally)
- 12 thoracic vertebrae (posteriorly)
-
Appendicular skeleton:
- Upper limb
- Lower limb
Appendicular Skeleton
Upper Limb
- Girdle: Shoulder girdle - clavicle & scapula
- Proximal segment: Arm - humerus
- Middle segment: Forearm - radius (laterally) and ulna (medially)
- Distal segment: Hand - carpals (8), metacarpals (5), and phalanges (3 for each finger and 2 for the thumb)
Lower Limb
- Girdle: Pelvic girdle - hip bone
- Proximal segment: Thigh - femur
- Middle segment: Leg - fibula (laterally) and tibia (medially)
- Distal segment: Foot - tarsals (7), metatarsals (5), and phalanges (3 for each toe and 2 for the big toe)
According to Shape
- Long bones: Found in the proximal and intermediate segments of limbs
- Short bones: Examples include carpals and tarsals.
- Flat bones: Examples include scapula, ribs, and skull cap.
- Irregular bones: Examples include vertebrae and the hip bone.
- Pneumatic bones: Contain air-filled spaces. Examples are bones of the face
- Sesamoid bones: Small bones, the largest being the patella (kneecap)
Parts of a Long Bone
- Epiphysis: The end of a long bone.
- Diaphysis: The shaft of a long bone.
- Epiphyseal cartilage: Plate of hyaline cartilage that separates the end from the shaft. Site of bone growth in length. It ossifies at a certain age.
- Metaphysis: Region of the shaft close to the epiphyseal cartilage.
- Periosteum: Fibrous membrane that covers the shaft.
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Description
Explore the essential functions of the human skeleton, including support, protection, and blood cell formation. This quiz also delves into the classification of bones based on their position, such as the axial and appendicular skeleton, highlighting key components like the skull and vertebral column.
