Lecture 4: Biological Control Agents (PDF)

LECTURE 4 BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENTS Predators, Parasitoids and Pathogens (Their Mode of Actions) Entomo-Pathogens, Competitors and Natural Products Marife S. Sayat...

LECTURE 4 BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENTS Predators, Parasitoids and Pathogens (Their Mode of Actions) Entomo-Pathogens, Competitors and Natural Products Marife S. Sayat Faculty, Crop Protection Department BS Agriculture Program Course: CC 411: Beneficial Arthropods and Microorganisms  Biological Control Agents Course: CC 411: Beneficial Arthropods and Microorganisms  PREDATORS A predator is considered an entomophagous species that generally consumes more than one prey individual to complete its development. Course: CC 411: Beneficial Arthropods and Microorganisms  PREDATORS Predation can be defined as a tropic level (consisting of organisms sharing the same function in the food chain) interaction in which one species derives energy from the consumption of individuals of another species. Course: CC 411: Beneficial Arthropods and Microorganisms  PREDATORS Over 16 orders of insects contains predaceous members, in approximately 200 families. Including spiders and mites, there are probably in excess of 200,000 species of arthropod predators. Course: CC 411: Beneficial Arthropods and Microorganisms  Other predatory insects: Course: CC 411: Beneficial Arthropods and Microorganisms  Types of Entomophagous predators; Monophagy: A highly specialized prey range, the predator may feed on one or a very limited number of species within the same genera. Eg. banana pseudostem weevil and mango stone or nut weevil (MSW) Sternochetus mangiferae Oligophagy: A semi-restricted prey range of a predator. For example, aphidophagous predators feed primarily on aphids preys or genera of coccinellids on whiteflies or scale insects. Polyphagy: A broad prey range, may include plant materials (fluids, nectars, pollen) insects and fungi, generalist predator. Course: CC 411: Beneficial Arthropods and Microorganisms  PARASITOIDS An organism that, during its development, lives in or on the body of a single host individual, eventually killing that individual. Major characteristics: They are specialized in their choice of host, smaller than host, only the female searches for host. Immatures remain on or in host; adults are free-living, mobile, and may be predaceous. Immatures almost always kill host. Course: CC 411: Beneficial Arthropods and Microorganisms  PARASITOIDS Four Major groups are; Ichneumonid wasps Brachonid wasps Chalcid wasps Tachenid fly prey mainly on caterpillars Attack caterpillar and wide Parasitises eggs and Parasitises a wide of butterflies. range of other insects larvae of green fly, white range of insects including green fly. fly, cabbage caterpillars including adult, larval and scale insects. beetles and true bugs. Course: CC 411: Beneficial Arthropods and Microorganisms  PARASITOIDS Course: CC 411: Beneficial Arthropods and Microorganisms  PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS Course: CC 411: Beneficial Arthropods and Microorganisms Course: CC 411: Beneficial Arthropods and Microorganisms Course: CC 411: Beneficial Arthropods and Microorganisms Course: CC 411: Beneficial Arthropods and Microorganisms Course: CC 411: Beneficial Arthropods and Microorganisms Course: CC 411: Beneficial Arthropods and Microorganisms Course: CC 411: Beneficial Arthropods and Microorganisms Course: CC 411: Beneficial Arthropods and Microorganisms Course: CC 411: Beneficial Arthropods and Microorganisms Course: CC 411: Beneficial Arthropods and Microorganisms Course: CC 411: Beneficial Arthropods and Microorganisms Course: CC 411: Beneficial Arthropods and Microorganisms Course: CC 411: Beneficial Arthropods and Microorganisms Course: CC 411: Beneficial Arthropods and Microorganisms Course: CC 411: Beneficial Arthropods and Microorganisms  Andermatt currently manufacture 14 different products to control pest insects in agriculture, horticulture and forestry. These include: Cryptex – to control False codling moth (Thaumatotibia leucotreta) Helicovex – to control African cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera), Corn earworm (H. zea) and other Helicoverpa species such as H. virescens and H. punctigera Littovir – to control African cotton leafworm (Spodoptera littoralis) and Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) Loopex – to control Cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni) Lymantria dispar MNPV – to control Gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) Neodiprion abietis NPV – to control Balsam fir sawfly (Neodiprion abietis) Spexit – to control Beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) Tutavir – to control Tomato leafminer (Tuta absoluta) Course: CC 411: Beneficial Arthropods and Microorganisms  Thank you… Course: CC 411: Beneficial Arthropods and Microorganisms