Lecture 32 Female Genital System PDF

Lecture 32 female genital system Introduced by Dr Moustafa Magar PhD and Assistant Professor of Anatomy & Embryology- Faculty of Dentistry- Petra University-Jordan & Faculty of Medicine-Al-Azhar University-Egypt ...

Lecture 32 female genital system Introduced by Dr Moustafa Magar PhD and Assistant Professor of Anatomy & Embryology- Faculty of Dentistry- Petra University-Jordan & Faculty of Medicine-Al-Azhar University-Egypt  Reproductive organs ovary uterine tube: site of fertilization Reproductive organs produce and transport germ cells (gametes) from (A) the gonads (testes or ovaries) to the site of fertilization in the uterine tube Gametes= sperm from testis and ovum from ovary (B) testes Female genital (A) and male genital (B) organs  Female Genital Organs The female genital organs include: 1. Internal genital organs: ovary, uterine tubes (Fallopian tubes) , uterus and vagina. 2. External genital organ: Vulva. uterine tube/ Fallopian tube ovary uterus Vulva vagina  External genital organs: Vulva ❖ vulva includes the following parts ❑ labia majora two fatty external folds of skin ❑ labia minora Clitoris two smaller folds of mucous membrane ❑ Clitoris ▪ a small erectile organ labia majora ▪ situated at the superior junction the labia minora ❑ vestibule labia minora ▪ A cleft between the labia minora N.B Clitoris corresponds to the penis in male but does not transmit Urethra The clitoris is richly innervated by sensory receptors which function to vestibule initiate and intensify sexual pleasure ❑ Openings present in the vestibule: 1. Vaginal opening: Urethral ✓ Lies in the posterior part of the vestibule. opening ✓ Partially closed in virgins by the hymen ✓ hymen is a fold of mucous membrane that surrounds the Vaginal opening 2. Urethral opening : hymen ✓ A small opening. ✓ Lies anterior to the vaginal opening. Vaginal opening  Vagina ❑ Definition: A muscular tube extending from the vulva to the uterus. ❑ Site: It lies between the bladder and urethra (anterior) and rectum and anal canal (posterior). ❑ Length: ▪ Anterior wall of is 7.5 cm long bladder and ▪ Posterior wall is 9 cm long rectum and urethra anal canal N.B Vagina The vagina serves as the excretory passage for menstrual fluid, receives the penis during sexual intercourse, and forms the inferior part of the birth canal—the cavity of the uterus and vagina through which the fetus passes  It is a hollow muscular pear-shaped organ. Uterus ❑Site: between the urinary bladder (anterior) and the rectum (posterior). ❑Parts: The uterus is divided into ▪ The fundus:− part of the uterus that lies above the entrance of the uterine tubes. ▪ The body:− part the uterus extending from the level of the openings of the uterine tubes to the isthmus ▪ The cervix:− part the uterus below the level of the isthmus. 1. Supra vaginal part 2. Vaginal part rectum bladder (circular constriction between the body and cervix).  Uterine (Fallopian) Tubes ❑ Parts: the tube is divided into four parts: 1. Infundibulum (fimbriated end): ▪ Opens into pelvic cavity ▪ It has finger-like processes called fimbriae close to the ovary to pick up the ova 2. Ampulla: ▪ Expanded part of the tube. ▪ It is the common site of fertilization. 3. Isthmus: ▪ It is the narrowest part of the tube. 4. Intramural part: ▪ It is the segment that lies within the uterine wall.  Ovary ❑ Definition: ▪ The ovary is the primary sex organ in females. ▪ ovaries produce oocytes (ova or eggs) and produce female sex hormones (Estrogen external and and progesterone ) external and internal iliac vessels ❑ Site: internal iliac vessels ▪ Lies on the lateral wall of the pelvis between external and internal iliac vessels ❑ Ligament of ovary connects ovary to uterus ❑ Suspensory ligament of ovary connects ovary to wall of pelvis ovary Ligament of ovary Suspensory ligament of ovary LT renal vein Blood supply of Internal genital organs organ Blood supply Origin of arteries / Terminations of veins ovary Ovarian artery Branch from Abdominal I aorta V Ovarian Ovarian vein Ends into IVC on right side C vessels or left renal vein on left side uterine tube Uterine and ovarian arteries Uterine and ovarian veins uterus Uterine artery Branch from internal iliac artery Uterine venous plexus Ends into internal iliac veins Uterine and vaginal vagina Vaginal artery Branch from internal iliac Vessels artery Vaginal venous plexus Ends into internal iliac veins  For reading ❑ The walls of the body consist of three layers: Endometrium, a thin internal layer Myometrium, a thick smooth muscle layer Perimetrium, a thin external peritoneal layer Endometrium Myometrium Perimetrium  For reading Menstrual Cycle: The cycle is the period during which the oocyte matures, is ovulated and enters the uterine tube. Estrogen and progesterone produced by the ovarian follicles and corpus luteum cause cyclic changes in the endometrium of the uterus. These monthly changes in the uterine lining constitute the menstrual cycle. The average cycle is 28 days (ranging from 23 to 35 days). Day 1 of the cycle corresponds to the day on which menstruation begins. Phases of Menstrual Cycle ▪ Menstrual Phase: lasts for 4 to 5 days ▪ Proliferative Phase lasting approximately 9 days ▪ (secretory) phase lasting approximately 13 days,  For reading ❑ uterine tubes captures the oocyte by the fimbriae, where it ❑ The ovaries produce oocytes (ova begins its journey toward the uterus. or eggs) and produce the steroid ❑ The uterine tubes transmit spermatozoa in the opposite hormones. direction, ❑ Each ovulated oocyte is released ❑ fertilization of an oocyte usually occurs within the expanded into the peritoneal cavity of the ampulla of a uterine tube. pelvis ❑ A fertilized oocyte becomes embedded in the wall of the uterus, where it develops and grows into a fetus, ❑ The vagina provides a passage for delivery of an infant; it also receives the penis and semen during sexual intercourse. The small erectile organ of female external genitalia All the following are true about the vestibule of female (vulva) is named: external genitalia (vulva) except: A. labia minora A. Vaginal opening lies in the posterior part of the vestibule B. labia majora B. Vaginal opening is Partially closed in virgins by the hymen C. Clitoris C. The Vestibule is a cleft between the labia minora and D. vestibule labia majora D. Urethral opening Lies anterior to the vaginal opening the common site of fertilization is part the uterus below the level of the isthmus is A. Isthmus of uterine tube A. The fundus of uterus B. Ampulla of uterine tube B. The cervix of uterus C. Intramural part of uterine tube C. The cervix of uterus D. Infundibulum of uterine tube D. The tube of uterus