Organic Chemistry 1 (PC 102) Lecture 2 PDF

Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department Faculty of Pharmacy Organic Chemistry 1 (PC 102) Lecture 2  Hydrocarbons They are compounds containing C and H only connected via σ bonds only....

Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department Faculty of Pharmacy Organic Chemistry 1 (PC 102) Lecture 2  Hydrocarbons They are compounds containing C and H only connected via σ bonds only. Hydrocarbons saturated UnSaturated Alkenes Alkanes Alkynes Cycloalkanes aromatic hydrocarbons  Saturated Alkanes Cycloalkanes CnH2(n+2) CnH2n sp3 sp3 Saturated 1.Nomenclature of alkanes A. International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) The name of every organic molecule has 3 parts: 1.The parent name indicates the number of carbons in the longest continuous chain. 2.The suffix indicates what functional group is present. 3.The prefix tells us the identity, location, and number of substituents attached to the Prefix parent suffix Nomenclature The parent name indicates the number of carbons in the longest continuous chain. Number of carbons Name Number of carbons Name 1 Methane 6 Hexane 2 Ethane 7 Heptane 3 Propane 8 Octane 4 Butane 9 Nonane 5 Pentane 10 Decane Nomenclature of alkanes rules: Nomenclature B-Common Names: Alkanes above C4 n-(normal) is used to indicate an unbranched chain of carbon atoms. Iso indicate a methyl group on the second carbon of the chain. While neo indicate the presence of quaternary carbon atom at one end of the chain. There are a few common branched substituents which you should memorize. These are shown below. Classification of carbons 2.Synthesis of alkanes 3.Reactions of alkanes From previous examples we should know: a) When there is one type of Hs, as in CH4, there will be One product only of alkyl halides as there is one type of alkyl free radical only (CH3.). b) When there are two types of Hs, as in CH3CH2CH3or CH3CH(CH3)CH3, there will be Two products (Major and Minor) of alkyl halides as there are twotypes of alkyl free radicals. Question 1: the IUPAC name of the following compound Question 2: Complete the following equations Any Questions?