Lecture 2 Mega Projects Data.pdf

Mega Projects Data i-CHEP Selected Topics in Contemporary Issues ASU 114 Dr Ahmed Ragheb [email protected] Prof. Dr. Ahmed Ragheb Lec. 2 ASU 114 Selected Topic...

Mega Projects Data i-CHEP Selected Topics in Contemporary Issues ASU 114 Dr Ahmed Ragheb [email protected] Prof. Dr. Ahmed Ragheb Lec. 2 ASU 114 Selected Topics in Contemporary Issues Mega Projects What we need for planning of Data mega projects ? ❑ The answer to this question depends primarily on the needs of this mega project, as the answer will vary according to the purpose. ❑ The purpose of the mega projects may be: Water Food Energy Health Housing Prof. Dr. Ahmed Ragheb Lec. 2 ASU 114 Selected Topics in Contemporary Issues 1 Mega Projects What we need for planning of Data mega projects ? Water Mega projects needs to the field data for the present Population , its growth rate and their Consumption in addition to the water Evaporation rate and Seepage rate. Food Mega projects needs also to the field data for the present Population , its growth rate and their Consumption behavior in addition to the data of the agricultural area. Energy Mega projects needs to the data for the present Population , Consumption in different fields, and Rate of consumption in different regions. Health Mega projects needs to the data of Disasters and its spread in different region, Seasonal diseases). Housing Mega projects needs to the data for the present Population, , its growth rate, Earth Topography, Sustainability of materials and services maps). Prof. Dr. Ahmed Ragheb Lec. 2 ASU 114 Selected Topics in Contemporary Issues 2 Mega Projects Data Water Mega Projects ❑ Population Water resources are limited to the Nile River, seasonal rainfall and flashfloods, deep ground water, reused drainage, recycled waste water and desalination. Each resource has its usage limitation due to quantity, quality, space, time or exploitation cost. Egypt receives about 98% of its fresh water resources from outside its borders. Prof. Dr. Ahmed Ragheb Lec. 2 ASU 114 Selected Topics in Contemporary Issues 3 Mega Projects Data Water Mega Projects Consumption Water consumption refers to the total amount of water used by individuals, communities, and industries for drinking, cooking, bathing, cleaning, and supporting agriculture and manufacturing processes. Prof. Dr. Ahmed Ragheb Lec. 2 ASU 114 Selected Topics in Contemporary Issues 4 Mega Projects Data Water Mega Projects Evaporation is an essential part of the water cycle. The sun (solar energy) drives Evaporation rate evaporation of water from oceans, lakes, moisture in the soil, and other sources of water. Prof. Dr. Ahmed Ragheb Lec. 2 ASU 114 Selected Topics in Contemporary Issues 5 Mega Projects Data Water Mega Projects Seepage rate Seepage is the slow escape of a liquid through porous material or small holes. In water reservoirs, seepage is the main crucial issue behind water losses. Seepage generally occurs when the water escapes vertically through the bottom of the pond and horizontal filtration of water through the dykes. Prof. Dr. Ahmed Ragheb Lec. 2 ASU 114 Selected Topics in Contemporary Issues 6 Mega Projects Data Water Mega Projects Pollution Water pollution is the Contaminants can come contamination of water from one of four main bodies, usually as a result sources: sewage discharges, of human activities, so that industrial activities, it negatively affects its uses agricultural activities, and.Its results urban runoff when contaminants mix including storm-water. with these water bodies. Prof. Dr. Ahmed Ragheb Lec. 2 ASU 114 Selected Topics in Contemporary Issues 7 Mega Projects Data Food Mega Projects ❑ Population Rapid population growth, along with limited fresh water resources and arable land, is placing greater stress on Egypt’s rural and urban food systems in terms of quantity, and in terms of changing food preferences towards high value, more perishable fruits and vegetables. Prof. Dr. Ahmed Ragheb Lec. 2 ASU 114 Selected Topics in Contemporary Issues 8 Mega Projects Data Food Mega Projects ❑ Consumption According to the 2022 Global Hunger Index, Egypt sustains a moderate level of hunger, ranking 57 out of 121 countries. Food affordability, quality and safety remain challenges as Egypt continues to rely on global markets for more than half of its staples. Malnutrition is another public health concern, with a 13 percent stunting rate, and 4 percent of children under 5 years of age being underweight. Prof. Dr. Ahmed Ragheb Lec. 2 ASU 114 Selected Topics in Contemporary Issues 9 Mega Projects Data Food Mega Projects ❑ Products ✓ Milk and its products ✓ Dried and preserved fruits ✓ Oils and Fats ✓ Cocoa products and chocolate ✓ Sugar confectionary ✓ Pastry products, Cereal- based bread and similar products ✓ Fruit juices ✓ Potable, natural, and carbonated water Prof. Dr. Ahmed Ragheb Lec. 2 ASU 114 Selected Topics in Contemporary Issues 10 Mega Projects Data Food Mega Projects Agricultural Area Egypt had nearly 4.03 million hectares of agricultural land in 2021, which corresponded to around 4.1 percent of the country's total land area. Overall, the area used for the cultivation of crops and the production of animals has generally increased in the period under review. Prof. Dr. Ahmed Ragheb Lec. 2 ASU 114 Selected Topics in Contemporary Issues 11 Mega Projects Data Energy Mega Projects Population Energy mega projects aimed at sustainable development are more vital than ever as they are the main component of the deterioration of the climate situation. Most of the world's political conflicts were due to energy (and still are), so everyone became interested in new energy sources. One of these concerns is renewable energy sources (environmentally friendly) Prof. Dr. Ahmed Ragheb Lec. 2 ASU 114 Selected Topics in Contemporary Issues 12 Mega Projects Data Energy Mega Projects Prof. Dr. Ahmed Ragheb Lec. 2 ASU 114 Selected Topics in Contemporary Issues 13 Mega Projects Data Energy Mega Projects Consumption in different fields Inevitably, with the continuous increase in population, energy consumption will increase, and this seems self-evident, but the most important view is the rates of consumption of different energy sources. We will notice that people's dependence on renewable energy sources has been increasing continuously over the last decades. Prof. Dr. Ahmed Ragheb Lec. 2 ASU 114 Selected Topics in Contemporary Issues 14 Mega Projects Data Health Mega Projects Disasters and its spread in different region The mortality rate varies from country to country due to different health and environmental conditions, as well as the climate and spending capabilities of peoples. This rate ranges from 22 per thousand to 3 per thousand (on average, the world's population loses approximately 9 per thousand each year). Prof. Dr. Ahmed Ragheb Lec. 2 ASU 114 Selected Topics in Contemporary Issues 15 Mega Projects Data Health Mega Projects Disasters and its spread in different region The causes of death can range from natural disasters (such as earthquakes or floods), seasonal illnesses (such as influenza), or even regional diseases (such as plague and malaria). Prof. Dr. Ahmed Ragheb Lec. 2 ASU 114 Selected Topics in Contemporary Issues 16 Mega Projects Data Housing Mega Projects ❑ Population Housing mega projects aim to accommodate the large and rapid population increase, but these projects require another giant infrastructure that serves the requirements of the population. The infrastructure needed by the resident can be summarized in the term services (roads, sewage, gas stations, banks, shops, etc.) Prof. Dr. Ahmed Ragheb Lec. 2 ASU 114 Selected Topics in Contemporary Issues 17 Mega Projects Data Housing Mega Projects ❑ Services Prof. Dr. Ahmed Ragheb Lec. 2 ASU 114 Selected Topics in Contemporary Issues 18 Mega Projects Data Housing Mega Projects The location indicates the possibility of linking these new housing projects to the existing population mass, while topography Location and indicates the Topography selection of suitable ground heights to achieve these projects (they cannot be chosen in depressions or mountains with heavily variable levels). Prof. Dr. Ahmed Ragheb Lec. 2 ASU 114 Selected Topics in Contemporary Issues 19 Mega Projects Sustainable Development and Data Climate Change The world has suffered over the years of industrial development (that so-called Great Industrial Revolution) from the use of substances harmful to the environment, which led to a partial change in the climate over all these long years. The relationship between sustainable development and climate change is a close relationship as one of the goals of sustainable development is to keep the environment clean and tidy, which is what preserves the climate from any change due to emissions, damage or noise. Prof. Dr. Ahmed Ragheb Lec. 2 ASU 114 Selected Topics in Contemporary Issues 20 Mega Projects Sustainable Development and Data Climate Change ❑ One of the most dangerous risks caused by climate change is the change in sea level. ❑ The change in sea level can cause natural disasters such as the sinking or disappearance of cities. Prof. Dr. Ahmed Ragheb Lec. 2 ASU 114 Selected Topics in Contemporary Issues 21