Lecture 2-1 PDF - Introduction to Bioinformatics

 Other types of polymerase used include Pfu polymerase isolated from Pyrococcus furiosus Tli polymerase isolated from Thermococcus litoralis GEL ELECTROPHORESIS INTRODUCTION TO BIOINFORMATICS TYPES OF BIOLOGICAL DATABASES...

 Other types of polymerase used include Pfu polymerase isolated from Pyrococcus furiosus Tli polymerase isolated from Thermococcus litoralis GEL ELECTROPHORESIS INTRODUCTION TO BIOINFORMATICS TYPES OF BIOLOGICAL DATABASES 1. Primary databases: It can also be called an archival database since it archives the experimental results submitted by the scientists. The primary database is populated with experimentally derived data like genome sequence, macromolecular structure, etc. The data entered here remains uncurated(no modifications are performed over the data). It contains unique data obtained from the laboratory and these data are made accessible to normal users without any change. The data are given accession numbers when they are entered into the database. The same data can later be retrieved using the accession number. Accession number identifies each data uniquely and it never changes. Examples of Primary database- Nucleic Acid Databases are GenBank and DDBJ Protein Databases are PDB,SwissProt,PIR,TrEMBL,Metacyc, etc.  2. Secondary Database: The data stored in these types of databases are the analyzed result of the primary database. Computational algorithms are applied to the primary database and meaningful and informative data is stored inside the secondary database. The data here are highly curated(processing the data before it is presented in the database). A secondary database is better and contains more valuable knowledge compared to the primary database. Examples of Secondary databases are as follows. InterPro (protein families, motifs, and domains) UniProt Knowledgebase (sequence and functional information on proteins)  However, many data resources have both primary and secondary characteristics. For example, UniProt accepts primary sequences derived from peptide sequencing experiments. However, UniProt also infers peptide sequences from genomic information, and it provides a wealth of additional information, some derived from automated annotation (TrEMBL), and even more from careful manual analysis (SwissProt). 3. Specialized Databases NCBI The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is part of the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), a branch of the National Institutes of Health. The NCBI is located in Bethesda, Maryland and was founded in 1988 The NCBI houses a series of databases relevant to biotechnology and biomedicine. Major databases include GenBank for DNA sequences and PubMed, a bibliographic database for the biomedical literature. Other databases include the NCBI Epigenomics database.