Ecology Lecture 1 PDF

January 30, 2024 Ecology: (Ecos) = house (Logia) = study of Interactions of organisms with each other and their environment 1. Biotic 2. Abiotic Importance: 1. Context of evolution 2. Management of resources 3. Evaluation of human impacts Levels of study: Organismal = Individual interactions with th...

January 30, 2024 Ecology: (Ecos) = house (Logia) = study of Interactions of organisms with each other and their environment 1. Biotic 2. Abiotic Importance: 1. Context of evolution 2. Management of resources 3. Evaluation of human impacts Levels of study: Organismal = Individual interactions with their environment (base level) 1. Physiology 2. How the organism reacts to weather/temperatures Population = Group of individuals of the same species living in a speci c area Community = interactions among different species in a speci c area Ecosystem = Interactions between communities and their environments 1. Start of abiotic factors Landscape = Mosaic of connected ecosystems 1. Looks at the energy and resource exchanges of different ecosystems Global = Biosphere, examines in uence of energy and materials on organisms across the biosphere Weather vs. Climate Weather = daily changes, short term Climate = averages, long term conditions Time scale is the issue Climate varies: 1. Latitude 2. Season changing rapidly fl 3. Long term prevailing weather conditions = climate Major abiotic components of climate: 1. Temperature 2. Precipitation 3. Sunlight 4. Wind Abiotic Factors: Predictable attributes of communities based on large scale abiotic factors Sunlight and latitude Small amount sunlight from low angle - - Large amount direct sunlight Adiabatic cooling: 1. warm moist air rises, expands, cools, dropping rain = Tropics 2. Then cooled air is pushed poleward 3. Dense, dry air descends, warms and absorbs moisture Hadley Cells - L -1 v = - C Three circulation cells in both the northern and southern hemisphere Increased solar radiation = increase size of Hadley cells = great deserts would shift towards the poles Global Circulation Coriolis effect = explains patterns of prevailing surface winds Seasons: We have seasons because of the Earths tilt Rain shadows: Mountains and oceans cause regional effects on climate Abiotic factors strongly in uence the nature of ecosystems Biomes Gu & Warmest with most percipitation Driest with coldest temperature Dispersal Behavior Biotic factors (other species) Abiotic factors fl Factors limiting distribution of organisms: