Lecture 1a: Phonetics and Phonology PDF

PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY 1a Introduction prof. PaedDr. Zdena Kráľová, PhD. Course description to introduce the phonic system of the English language to improve English pronunciation SEMINARS: original books or copies required ASSESSMENT: – credit: active pa...

PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY 1a Introduction prof. PaedDr. Zdena Kráľová, PhD. Course description to introduce the phonic system of the English language to improve English pronunciation SEMINARS: original books or copies required ASSESSMENT: – credit: active participation in seminars (80%) – exam: transcription test + theoretical test PHONETICS - branch of linguistics studying speech sounds - basic element: sound (phone) - sub-branches: articulatory phonetics production of speech acoustic phonetics transmission of speech auditory phonetics reception of speech - branch of linguistics classifying speech sounds - basic element: phoneme - sub-branches: segmental phonology phonemes suprasegmental phonology elements higher than phonemes Required material: P. Roach: English Phonetics and Phonology (3rd or 4th edition) Recommended materials: www.cambridge.org/elt/peterroach https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com Headway Upper-Intermediate Pronunciation, 1991. R. Pavlik: Exercise Book to English Phonetics and Phonology, 2002. phonic units sound (phone) - real acoustic sound - produced by a speaker phoneme - abstract phonic unit - existing in a language (44 phonemes in English =20 vowels + 24 consonants) - by changing a phoneme we change the meaning of the word (DISTINCTIVE FUNCTION) e.g. pin – pen, pet – bet  Transcription - spelling and pronunciation do not correspond in English - transcription: coding speech sounds (1 symbol = 1 sound) e.g. enough /ɪˈnʌf/ – inept /ɪˈnept/ – stuff /ˈstʌf/ - types of transcription: phonetic (allophonic) transcription [ ] represents real speech sounds phonological (phonemic) transcription / / represents phonemes used in books and dictionaries - International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) – system of transcription symbols established by International Phonetic Association in 1886 A. C. Gimson: Introduction to the Pronunciation of English Symbols of English phonemes International Phonetic Alphabet