Lecture 17 Part 2 Case Study: Social Behaviors PDF

1 Perissodacyla- in this case the zebra has a odd number of toes (it has 3 toes) Zebra is more related to donkeys(asses) than horses 2 The list of zebra relatives with the number of chromosomes likely refers to the genetic similarity or evolutionary relationships between different species within the...

1 Perissodacyla- in this case the zebra has a odd number of toes (it has 3 toes) Zebra is more related to donkeys(asses) than horses 2 The list of zebra relatives with the number of chromosomes likely refers to the genetic similarity or evolutionary relationships between different species within the same genus or family. The number of chromosomes is a measure of the genetic material present in the cells of an organism. By comparing the chromosome numbers among different species, scientists can infer their evolutionary relatedness and better understand their genetic diversity. 3 Equines are mammals belonging to the taxonomic family Equidae, which includes horses, donkeys, and zebras. Parasite resistance refers to the ability of an organism to defend itself against parasitic infections or to reduce the negative effects of parasitism. The hybrids cant reproduce 4 5 6 Treeless grasslands typically occur in regions with sufficient moisture to support grass growth but lack trees due to factors like frequent fires or grazing pressure, whereas arid grasslands are found in dry regions with limited precipitation, where grasses are adapted to arid conditions and trees are absent due to water scarcity 7 This statement suggests that the stripes on a zebra may serve as a form of camouflage or deterrent against smaller predators, as the way the stripes reflect light may confuse or intimidate them. Specifically, it mentions bloodsucking horseflies, implying that the stripes might disrupt the flies' ability to land on the zebra, thus reducing the risk of disease transmission from the flies to the zebra. "Zebra fingerprints" is a colloquial term referring to the unique stripe patterns found on each individual zebra, which serve as a form of visual identification similar to fingerprints in humans. 8 A horse might be dressed like a zebra as a form of protection against biting insects, as the striped pattern can confuse or deter them from landing on the horse's body. 9 10 This statement suggests that each species of zebra, such as Grants (Plains), Grevy's, and Mountain zebras, have distinct differences in their body shapes, sizes, and social structures. Additionally, each species emits a characteristic odor that is noticeable to humans: Grants zebras have an odor similar to a polecat or ferret, Grevy's zebras have an odor reminiscent of a boar hog, and Mountain zebras emit an odor described as "carbon disulfide-like." 11 12 Spade-shaped canines refer to canine teeth that are broad and flat at the base, resembling the shape of a shovel, commonly found in certain breeds of dogs and other carnivorous mammals. 13 14 Just remember the normal names of the zebras we don’t have to know the latin name 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Antelopes are a diverse group of herbivorous mammals, characterized by their slender bodies, long legs, and often spiraled horns, found primarily in Africa and parts of Asia. 23 Stallion is a male 24 A "sire" is the male parent of an animal, particularly used in the context of breeding, whether it's a horse, a dog, or another domesticated animal 25 26 27 Dorsal w=means running down the back 28 We don’t have to know the kilogrmas just know that this is the largest zebra 29 30 "Dung piles" refer to piles of animal excrement, commonly known as dung, feces, or manure. Female horses (mares) form casual social groups with other mares and their offspring, traveling together in bands for mutual protection and support. Mares are females 31 kindergartens" refer to groups of young zebras, usually consisting of foals and juveniles, along with a few adult females. Equids- zebra oals primarily rely on their mothers' milk for nourishment during their early months of life. In the case of zebras, a foal refers to a zebra that is in its early stages of life, typically from birth to around one year of age. 32 Gestation time refers to the period of time that a female animal carries a developing fetus in her womb during pregnancy. 33 34 35 36 37 The "dewlap" refers to a loose fold of skin that hangs down from the throat or neck area of certain animals. 38 Arid regions are areas characterized by extremely low levels of precipitation, resulting in dry and often desert-like conditions. 39 40 41 Arid regions are areas characterized by extremely low levels of precipitation, resulting in dry and often desert-like conditions. 42 Bachelor groups consist of surplus stallions that live together separately from breeding herds, typically forming social bonds while awaiting the opportunity to establish their own breeding territories. 43 44