Motivation and Work Lecture PDF
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Summary
This lecture discusses various theories of motivation, from instinct to arousal and incentive theories. It provides an overview of Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the biological and psychological components of hunger, and the sexual response cycle. The document also covers belongingness and esteem motives at the workplace.
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What is motivation? ◦ The energization and direction of behavior Instinct theory and evolutionary psychology ◦ William McDougall (1908) Drive theory ◦ Clark Hull (1943) Arousal theory Incentive theory Abraham Maslow Physiological needs Safety needs ...
What is motivation? ◦ The energization and direction of behavior Instinct theory and evolutionary psychology ◦ William McDougall (1908) Drive theory ◦ Clark Hull (1943) Arousal theory Incentive theory Abraham Maslow Physiological needs Safety needs Social needs Esteem needs Self-actualization Self-transcendence The biological component ◦ The stomach (Cannon & Washburn, 1912) ◦ The brain and hormones Psychological influences ◦ Taste preferences ◦ External cues ◦ Social cues Eating disorders ◦ Anorexia nervosa ◦ Bulimia nervosa ◦ Binge-eating disorder Potential causes of eating disorders Sexual response cycle ◦ Excitement ◦ Plateau ◦ Orgasm ◦ Resolution Hormones and sexual behavior ◦ Estrogen ◦ Testosterone Sexual orientation ◦ Origins of homosexuality ◦ Psychological and biological theories The social animal ◦ Aids in survival ◦ Naturally oriented toward others ◦ Baumeister and Leary’s (1995) need to belong The need for affiliation ◦ Individual differences and benefits The need for intimacy ◦ Individual differences and benefits The need for achievement ◦ David McClelland (1953) A strong desire to accomplish difficult tasks, outperform others, and excel ◦ Correlates of the need for achievement The need for power ◦ David Winter (1973) A strong desire to acquire prestige and influence over others Attitudes toward work ◦ Amy Wrzesniewski Job Career Calling Flow at work ◦ Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi
