Lecture 13_10-09-24.pdf

Introduction to Bioengineering (BBL1020) Instructor: Dr. Dinesh K. Ahirwar Department: Bioscience & Bioengineering Lecture-13 10/09/2024 Connect to WiFi Make sure IITJ account is logged on in you...

Introduction to Bioengineering (BBL1020) Instructor: Dr. Dinesh K. Ahirwar Department: Bioscience & Bioengineering Lecture-13 10/09/2024 Connect to WiFi Make sure IITJ account is logged on in your preferred web browser Recap  Biocatalysts: Enzymes An enzyme is a large molecule (typically 20 kDa or more) Proteins are made up of amino acids Peptide bond HppE enzyme (Epoxidase) (S)-2 hydroxypropylphosphonic acid  Biocatalysis- Sitaglip6n 3% of 5.7 billion ~17 million dollars (enan%omeric excess)  Synthesis of Artemisinin Produced from a herb Artemisia Annual Yeast Need to grow crops, use water and land Optimum weather conditions Nature volume 440, pages 940–943 (2006) Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) Bio-macromolecules: courtesy: hhmi Biointerac1ve Lipids Lipids are made up of fatty acid monomers which is responsible for energy storage, cell structural integrity and cellular signalling. Phospholipids are responsible for cell membrane structure Bio-macromolecules: Lipids courtesy: hhmi Biointerac1ve Bio-macromolecules: Lipids – Fat types (triglyceride) courtesy: hhmi Biointerac1ve Bio-macromolecules: Lipids – The building block courtesy: hhmi Biointeractive Bio-macromolecules: Lipids – types of fatty acids courtesy: hhmi Biointeractive Bio-macromolecules: Lipids – types of unsaturated fatty acids courtesy: hhmi Biointerac1ve Bio-macromolecules: Lipids – good fatty acids courtesy: hhmi Biointerac1ve Bio-macromolecules: Lipids – others courtesy: hhmi Biointeractive Biological Membrane: a macromolecular assembly induced by Bulk water A cover/case is needed to contain/separate cellular contents from the outside world but not fully sequester it from the external environment A semipermeable membrane is sought Formation of the Cell Membrane Bilayer formation through molecular self-assembly ΔG is negative for spontaneous processes; In order to make ΔG negative ΔS should increase if other factors remain constant. ΔS denotes change in entropy (the randomness of the system). Cell membrane: Fluid mosaic phospholipid bilayer embedded by protein The Cell Membrane (Plasma Membrane): Function Shape and support (structural components) Transport of molecules – Active and passive Cell-Cell Communication (important signaling molecules) Separation of the interior and exterior elements Nature of the plasma membrane https://youtu.be/Ym3mTa5WEOY?s i=cKf7g4SAA37ZLQiT https://youtu.be/wLyrXCLH46M?si=AN8rE0nlzGH5iqnh Bibliography Biochemistry: Voet, Voet, Pra2 Biology- A global Approach: Campbell Media: hhmi biointeractive [What is Life Made of? (Carbon & Biological Molecules) Crash course on Biology #20] https://youtu.be/y7raEBOvLwU?si=tHrvC3A3osF5WGD3