Yarmouk University Project Management Lecture 1+2 PDF

Lecture 1: Yarmouk University Hijjawi Faculty for Engineering Technology Department of Architectural engineering Fall Semester 2024/2024 Project Management (AE 484)...

Lecture 1: Yarmouk University Hijjawi Faculty for Engineering Technology Department of Architectural engineering Fall Semester 2024/2024 Project Management (AE 484) Dr. Sahar Al-Rabadi  Lecture 1 & 2 Construction Environment A Historical Perspective Although agriculture is probably recognized as the oldest industry in history, construction is most likely a close second. The construction industry can trace its roots back to at least the Stone Age, as early as 12000 BC. Using materials readily available—mud, wood, and stone— early man began constructing simple structures for protection from the rain, cold, heat, and snow. During this same period, the development of bronze and iron allowed man to make stronger tools that significantly expanded the possibilities in building construction, allowing builders to develop their skills.  Ancient Times Egypt and the Pyramids Greek & Roman Influence The Middle Ages The Renaissance The Industrial Revolution The Age of the Skyscraper The 20th Century The Age of Technology The Age of Technology in Construction Management Impact of Technology on Construction Management: New technologies are significantly transforming construction management, making processes more efficient and precise. Technology is integrated into many construction functions such as estimating, scheduling, project administration, building design, cost accounting, project controls, and quality control. Digital Tools in Construction: The use of computers is now standard on job sites, with many construction managers using tablets and field mobility software. This allows for quick actions, such as adjusting schedules or issuing purchase orders directly from the field. These tools help in real-time management and communication, making construction processes more streamlined and responsive. Advanced Technologies: Global Positioning Systems (GPS): Used for precise location tracking and site surveying. Building Information Modeling (BIM): Enables detailed digital representations of building designs, which support the visualization, planning, and management of construction projects. Virtual and Augmented Reality: Allows managers to interact with digital mock-ups of buildings before physical construction begins. This is useful for evaluating design feasibility, such as ensuring that workers have adequate space to perform tasks safely. Practical Application in the Field: These technologies allow construction managers to simulate and test scenarios, improving decision-making and reducing errors. For example, virtual mock-ups can prevent issues that might arise during construction by addressing them in the digital design phase. The Age of Technology in Construction Management Impact of Technology: Technology is changing how construction projects are managed, making tasks faster and more accurate. It is used in estimating, scheduling, project administration, building design, cost accounting, project controls, and quality control. Digital Tools: Computers and tablets are now standard on construction sites, allowing managers to make quick changes to schedules or orders directly from the field. This leads to more efficient communication and management. Advanced Technologies: GPS: Helps with precise location tracking and site surveys. BIM (Building Information Modeling): Creates detailed digital models of buildings for better planning and management. Virtual and Augmented Reality: Lets managers explore digital models of buildings before construction, ensuring that designs work well and are safe for workers. Practical Use: These tools help identify and fix issues during the digital design phase, reducing errors during actual construction.  Definition of PROJECT MANAGEMENT Project management is the art of directing and coordinating human and material resources throughout the life of a project by using modern management techniques to achieve predetermined objectives of scope, cost, time, quality and participation satisfaction.  Definition of PROJECT Project is a temporary effort of work, a one-time event that meets the following criteria: Has a start and an end date. Has schedule, cost, and quality constraints. Is a unique effort and contains risk. Has a certain scope that needs to occur  Professional Construction Management Professional construction management refers to a project management team consisting of a professional construction manager and other participants who will carry out the tasks of project planning, design and construction in an integrated manner. Contractual relationships among members of the team are intended to minimize adversarial relationships and contribute to greater response within the management group.  A professional construction manager A professional construction manager is a firm specialized in the practice of professional construction management which includes: Work with owner and the A/E firms from the beginning and make recommendations on design improvements, construction technology, schedules and construction economy. Propose design and construction alternatives if appropriate, and analyze the effects of the alternatives on the project cost and schedule. Monitor subsequent development of the project in order that these targets are not exceeded without the knowledge of the owner. Coordinate procurement of material and equipment and the work of all construction contractors, and monthly payments to contractors, changes, claims and inspection for conforming design requirements. Perform other project related services as required by owners.  Project Management Responsibilities Throughout the life of any project, project managers are responsible for the key areas. Some of these responsibilities, which tie in directly with any project methodology, follow: Obtain approval for the project to proceed. Determine the project scope and its feasibility to the overall business. Ensure the necessary project resources are identified and allocated. Plan the project to the relevant detail it requires. Ensure that the project methodology and associated processes are adhered to. Monitor the project in terms of cost, quality, and schedule. Identify and monitor project issues and risks. Provide updated reports and summaries to key stakeholders. Provide leadership to the project team.  The five phases of project management Design Feasibility & Development Closeout Operation Planning Finance Organization Monitoring and control Evaluation Estimation Project Aberrations Planning Changes and claims Quality, Review, & Audits  Definition of Construction Construction can be described as the creative effort that converts the 4"m“ of construction: 1. Money 2. Materials 3. Manpower 4. Machines Into a construction facility Management can be included as the fifth "m" Management comprises : 1. planning 2. initiating 3. directing of the construction process  Construction efforts depend on Project size Project complexity And other factors related to the type of project *Items to be considered are: 1. The variety of technologies and type of construction involved 2. Required quality control standards 3. The geographic location of the construction site and the nature of the work environment 4. The planning and management skills of contractor  Construction types 1. Building construction (vertical const.) 2. Heavy construction (horizontal const.) such as Highways, Airports, Bridges Resources of construction (5”M” and I) Money Materials Manpower Machines Management Information  Traditional approach Most construction is performed thru this approach Disadvantages: 1. the construction process is totally separated from : feasibility studies , engineering and design process 2. designs are complete prior of the selection of contractor 3. design details formulated without consideration of construction methods and cost Advantages : 1. bidders are supplied with full project description 2. detailed knowledge help bidders eliminate many uncertainties relating to material types and quantities 3. knowledge of bid price  Different methods to Construct a project 1. owner construction force 2. owner management of construction 3. construction by general contractor 4. design/ build construction contract 5. construction management  Construction management levels 1. project mission management: Sets up specific organization form and coordinate the interaction of the efforts and responsibilities of the construction parties: (Project players) 1. project owner 2. contractor 3. designer 4. consultant and contract administration agents 5. and others Requires: knowledge of business, organizational, technical, legal, contractual and financial matters and high level of professional management skills. 2.project management ( middle management) 1. planning 2. organizing 3. monitoring 4. management in building stage 5. on bid award: scheduling, buying, procurement, mobilizing of resources. 6. On construction phase: monitoring project status, preparing progress payments , management of cash flow Requires: planning, analysis of risk, decision- oriented management techniques skills 3. field management  focus on technical aspects of the project  on construction methods  on operational equipment capabilities  planning, scheduling, mobilization and directing of construction activities Requires: considerable experience and be able to direct, command respect from and motivate field labor. Management levels in construction Hierarchical level  Company structure and business focus Head office and field functions Portfolio of projects Gross project attributes: total cost, duration, profit, cash flow, percent complete Organizational Management levels in construction Project definition, contract, drawings specifications Focus on project Product definition and breakdown into project Project activities attributes & physical Hierarchical level Cost, time, and resource control focus component items Attainment of physical segment of project Activity equated to time and cost control Current cost, time, resource use Status focus Construction method focus Operation Means of achieving construction Complete itemized resource list Synthesis of work processes Focus on field action & technological Basic technological sequence focus Process Logical collection of work tasks processes Individual and mixed trade actions Recognizable portion of construction operation Work task Fundamental field action and work unit focus Intrinsic knowledge and skill at crew member level Basis of work assignment to labor  MANAGEMENT LEVELS OF CONSTRUCTION 1. Organizational: The organizational level is concerned with the legal and business structure of a firm, the various functional areas of management, and the interaction between head office and field managers performing these management functions. 2. Project: Project-level vocabulary is dominated by terms relating to the break down of the project for the purpose of time and cost control (e.g., the project activity and the project cost account). Also, the concept of resources is defined and related to the activity as either an added descriptive attribute of the activity or for resource scheduling purposes. 3. Operation & Process: The construction operation and process level is concerned with the technology and details of how construction is performed. It focuses on work at the field level. Usually a construction operation is so complex that it encompasses several distinct processes, each having its own technology and work task sequences. However, for simple situations involving a single process, the terms are synonymous. 4. Task: The task level is concerned with the identification and assignment of elemental portions of work to field units and work crews.