Introduction to Human Computer Interaction Lecture 1 PDF

Introduction to Human Computer Interaction Lecture 1 Introduction Human–computer interaction (HCI), alternatively man–machine interaction (MMI) or computer–human interaction (CHI) is the study of interaction between people (users) and computers. Main aim of interaction design...

Introduction to Human Computer Interaction Lecture 1 Introduction Human–computer interaction (HCI), alternatively man–machine interaction (MMI) or computer–human interaction (CHI) is the study of interaction between people (users) and computers. Main aim of interaction design Reduce the negative aspects (e.g. frustration, annoyance) of the user experience Enhance the positive aspects (e.g. enjoyment, engagement). Develop interactive products that are easy, effective, and pleasurable to use – from the users' perspective. Why HCI is Important? It is getting more important today to High-cost e- User-centered design is increase transformation getting a crucial role! competitiveness via HCI investments studies (Norman, 1990) Users even give up Users lose time with using bad interface badly designed products and services (Ineffective allocation of resources)  Tasks often have a direct impact on an organization's relations with its The customers, and its profitability. Importance If screen's layout and appearance are of User confusing and inefficient, people will have greater difficulty in doing their jobs and Interface and will make more mistakes. its impact on Poor design may lead to aggravation, businesses frustration, and increased stress.  HCI Definition "Human-computer interaction is a discipline concerned with the design, evaluation and implementation of interactive computing systems for human use and with the study of major phenomena surrounding them.” Goals: A basic goal of HCI is To improve the interactions between users and computers By making computers more usable and receptive to the user's needs. A long-term goal of HCI is To design systems that minimize the barrier between the human’s Cognitive model of what they want To accomplish and the computer's understanding of the user's task  User interface, design is a subset of HCI. HCI is the study, planning, and design of how people and computers work together so that a person's needs are satisfied in the most effective way. Defining the HCI designers must consider a variety of factors: User-Interface What people want and expect? What people find enjoyable and attractive? Technical characteristics and limitations of the computer hardware and software must also be considered.  The user interface is to The part of a computer and its software that people can see, hear, touch, talk to, or otherwise understand or direct. Defining the User-Interface It consists of two components: Input is how a person communicates his / (Cont’d) her needs to the computer. Output is how the computer conveys the results of its computations and requirements to the user. 14 HCI Examples Brain Interface Electronic Numerical Integrator And The Trackball of Computer QWERTY ENIAC Datar (1873) (1946) (1952) The Gaming Multi-Touch Virtual Reality Joystick Technology (1968) (1967) (1972) 3D Printing The Smartwatch WII (1984) (1998) (2006) Emotion Sensing The Flexible Smartphone Google Voice Dexmo 2018 and Search App Exoskeleton Beyond (2011) (2016) (2018)  Why do designers continue to produce systems that are inefficient and confusing, Is it because: We don't care? We don't possess common sense? The We don't have the time? We still don't know what really makes good Importance design? of Good Interface and screen design were really a matter of common sense. Design Developers would have been producing almost identical screens for representing the real world. Example bad designs Closed door with complete wood Suggestion : glass door  Poor clarity forced screen users to spend one extra second per-screen. Almost one additional year would be required to process all screens. 20 extra seconds in screen usage time adds an additional 14 person years. Proper formatting of information on screens does have The Benefits of a significant positive effect on performance. Training costs are lowered because training time is Good Design reduced. Support line costs are lowered because fewer assist calls are necessary. Employee satisfaction is increased because aggravation and frustration are reduced. Ultimately, that an organization's customers benefit because of the improved service they receive. Identifying and resolving problems during the design and development process also has significant economic benefits What is Interaction Design Interaction Design “Designing interactive products to support the way people communicate and interact in their everyday and working lives”. It is about creating user experiences that enhance and augment the way people work, communicate, and interact. It is “designing spaces for human communication and interaction”. It is the art of facilitating interactions between humans through products and services. Components of Interaction Design Interaction Design (ID) vs. HCI ID is much wider, being concerned with the theory, research, and practice of designing user experiences for all manner of technologies, systems, and products. HCI has a narrower focus, being “concerned with the design, evaluation, and implementation of interactive computing systems for human use and with the study of major phenomena surrounding them”.  The user experience is central to interaction design. It is how a product behaves and is used by people in the real world. The User How people feel about a product and their pleasure and satisfaction when Experience using it, looking at it, holding it, and opening or closing it. It is important to point out that one cannot design a user experience, only design for a user experience.  Aspects of the user experience that can be considered: Usability Functionality Aesthetics The User Content The look and feel Experience The sensual and emotional appeal. Other wide-reaching aspects: (Cont’d) Fun Health Social capital (the social resources that develop and are maintained through social networks, shared values, goals, and norms) Cultural identity, e.g. age, ethnicity, race, disability, family status, occupation, education. The Process of Interaction Design The process of interaction design involves four basic activities: 1. Establishing requirements 2. Designing alternatives 3. Prototyping 4. Evaluating.  To identify the objectives of developing interactive Interaction designs, designers must classify them in terms of usability and user experience goals. Design and Usability goals have been viewed as being concerned The User with meeting specific usability criteria, e.g. efficiency. Experience User experience goals have been concerned with explicating the nature of the user experience, e.g. to be aesthetically pleasing. Usability Goals Usability refers to ensuring that interactive products are easy to learn, effective to use, and enjoyable from the user’s perspective. Usability is broken down into the following goals: Effective to use (effectiveness) Efficient to use (efficiency) Safe to use (safety) Having good utility (utility) Easy to learn (learnability) Easy to remember how to use (memorability)  Desirable Aspects: Satisfying, enjoyable, Engaging, Pleasurable, Exciting, Entertaining, Helpful, Motivating, Challenging, Enhancing Sociability, Supporting Creativity, Cognitively Stimulating. Undesirable Aspects: User Boring, Frustrating, Making one feel guilty, Annoying, Experience Childish, Unpleasant, Patronizing, Making one feel Stupid, Cutesy, Gimmicky. Goals Many of these are subjective qualities and are concerned with how a system feels to a user. They differ from the more objective usability goals in that they are concerned with how users experience an interactive product from their perspective, rather than assessing how useful or productive a system is from its own perspective.  Design Principles Most common design principles: Visibility: The more visible functions are, the more likely it is that users will be able to know what to do next. Feedback: Related to the concept of visibility is feedback. involves sending back information about what action has been done and what has been accomplished, allowing the person to continue with the activity. Constraints: The design concept of constraining refers to determining ways of restricting the kinds of user interaction that can take place at a given moment. Consistency: This refers to designing interfaces to have similar operations and use similar elements for achieving similar tasks. Affordance: This is a term used to refer to an attribute of an object that allows people to know how to use it. To afford means ‘to give a clue’. Trends in UI/UX Design for 2024 Augmented Microinteracti Voice User Responsive UI and Virtual ons Interface Reality 3D Design and AI Integration Dark Mode Sustainability Minimalism Accessibility Personalization Trends in UI/UX Design for 2024 Surreal Imperfect Air Gesture Realistic Product Design Control Textures Photographs Elements Go Bright and Unorthodox Location- Animated Bold Layouts Based UX Icons Emotionally Focus in Intelligent Typography Design Thank You ☺