Art Appreciation Lecture Notes PDF

ART APPRECIATION DR. REHAM ALI – DR SARAH AL JARALLAH – ARCH. SUMAYYAH AL SHURAIM The Lacemaker Lecture 1 components - Course Plan - Definition Of Art - BREAK - Basic Art Critique Steps Week 1 Introduction ( ar...

ART APPRECIATION DR. REHAM ALI – DR SARAH AL JARALLAH – ARCH. SUMAYYAH AL SHURAIM The Lacemaker Lecture 1 components - Course Plan - Definition Of Art - BREAK - Basic Art Critique Steps Week 1 Introduction ( art criticism part1) - (lecture ) Art movements and critique 2 Art & Criticism part2 3 (QUIZ) 4 Art movements Lectures – assignment – 5 Art movements quiz – mid Break ‫إﺟﺎزة اﻟﯿﻮم اﻟﻮطﻨﻲ‬ term exam 6 Art movements reflection on architecture and design Research group introduction 7 Design jury week ( no lecture ) 8 Art appreciation MIDTERM EXAM 25% 9 lecture Group research and Research first discussion debate (topic approval) Part 1 10 Research first discussion 11 Research second discussion Break 12 Final research poster + art interpretation Group presentation research 13 Final research poster + art interpretation debate presentation discussion (follow up and discussion) and art movements 14 Final research poster + art interpretation interpretation presentation (follow up and discussion) Part 2 15 Final research poster + art interpretation presentation (follow up and discussion) 17 Final presentation and printing  WHAT IS ART APPRECIATION ? ART CRITICISM AND FORMAL ANALYSIS OUTLINE ART CRITICISM Defining Art Criticism Art criticism is responding to, interpreting meaning, and making critical judgments about specific works of art, to help viewers perceive, interpret, and judge artworks. By utilizing the following ? analytical skills to connect formal attributes of art with their meaning and expression. Recognition of iconic artworks from history and understand its full context in terms of Identify and describe the elements and principles of art. information to locate, evaluate and communicate information about art in its various forms through internet research.  Art Appreciation course ? This course designed to increase your knowledge and appreciation of the visual arts. Students focus on interpreting and evaluating works of art within formal, cultural, and historical contexts, as well as exploring a survey view of art history from modern to contemporary, including a deeper look at global artworks. Students will also participate in a variety of art applications to architecture and better understand the process of creating art. What is art ?  Definition of art What takes the ordinary and makes it extraordinary. It asks questions about who we are, what we value, the meaning of beauty and the human condition. As an expressive medium it allows us to experience sublime joy, deep sorrow……… Webster‘s New Collegiate dictionary defines art as ―The conscious use of skill and creative imagination especially in the production of aesthetic objects.”  INPORTANT DEFINIRIONS ABOUT ART - FORM AND CONTENT ( form is what you see – content is what you feel / understand..) ARTISTIC CATEGORIES / TYPES ( fine art- decorative arts / applied -popular culture) - ARTISTIC STYLES ( REALISM / ABSTRACT ) - ARTISTIC ROLE/ROLES (portraits-landscape -scientific illustrationstorytelling ) - SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE PERSPECTIVES Definition of art The Basic Meaning of Art "Art is form and content" means: All art consists of these two things. Form ?( seeing ) Content ( feel and understand ) is idea-based and means - (1) the elements of art (1) what the artist meant to portray, - (2) the principles of design and (2)what the artist did portray and (3) how we react, as individuals, to both the - (3) the actual, physical materials that the intended and actual messages. artist has used. Additionally, "content" includes ways in which a work was influenced - by religion, or politics, or society in general. All of these factors, together, make up the "content" side of art.  Form CONTENT Visual Qualities Meaning Size Message Shape Emotional Communication , Colors Symbolism Intellectual Composition Materials Style ARTISTIC CATEGORIES FINE ART DECORATIVE ARTS /AP P LIED POPULAR CULTURE ARTISTIC CATEGORIES Fine Art: Definition & Meaning Fine Art: Definition & Meaning The term "fine art" refers to an art form practised mainly for its aesthetic value and its beauty ("art for art's sake") rather than its functional value. Fine art is rooted in drawing and design-based works such as painting, printmaking, and sculpture. It is often contrasted with "applied art" and "crafts" which are both traditionally seen as utilitarian activities. Other nondesign- based activities regarded as fine arts, include photography and architecture, although the latter is best understood as an applied art. Vermeer, “Girl with a Pearl Earring,” ARTISTIC CATEGORIES DECORATIVE /APPLIED ART SOMETIMES CALLED ―CRAFT,‖ THIS IS A CATEGORY OF ART THAT SHOWS A HIGH DEGREE OF SKILLED WORKMANSHIP IN ITS PRODUCTION. SUCH WORKS ARE NORMALLY ASSOCIATED WITH UTILITARIAN PURPOSES, BUT CAN BE AESTHETIC WORKS IN THEMSELVES, OFTEN HIGHLY DECORATED Craft products are usually handmade and can provide some form of purpose. For example, a quilt is decorative, but it can also be functional and can be used to keep warm. Some of the activities considered crafts include the following: Pottery Weaving Knitting Embroidery Sewing Quilting Beading Clay modeling Woodworking Candle making Jewelry making Glasswork Papercrafts  Difference Between Fine Art and Decorative Arts/Crafts there was a rigid distinction between fine art (purely aesthetic) and decorative art(functional). During the 20th century, with the introduction of the category of visual art, this arbitrary distinction has become blurred, and certain crafts or decorative arts (notably ceramics) are now considered to be fine art ARTISTIC CATEGORIES POPULAR ART THIS CATEGORY CONTAINS THE MANY PRODUCTS AND IMAGES WE ARE EXPOSED TO EVERY DAY. IN THE INDUSTRIALIZED WORLD, THIS INCLUDES POSTERS, GRAFFITI, ADVERTISING, POPULAR MUSIC, TELEVISION AND DIGITAL IMAGERY, MAGAZINES, BOOKS AND MOVIES AESTHETICS: art and beauty - What is artistic aesthetic? - Aesthetics is the study of beauty. Is THE THEORY OF PERCEIVING AND ENJOYING SOMETHING FOR ITS BEAUTY AND PLEASURABLE QUALITIES. An artistic aesthetic is the collection of stylistic choices an artist uses to make a work beautiful, or to communicate meaning, value, or emotion to the observer. - WHAT AESTHETICS DEALS WITH NOTIONS OF TASTE, CULTURAL CONVENTIONS IDEAS OF ART BEING ‘GOOD’ AND ‘BAD‘ BASED ON SPECIFIC CULTURAL INFORMATION AND BELIEFS AND THE JUDGMENTS WE MAKE BASED ON OUR PERCEPTIONS "Vetheuil in the Fog" by Claude Monet shows the "Joel's Cafe" by Max Weber displays a Cubist "Study for a Composition" by Piet Mondrian is Impressionist aesthetic, with its rough and loose brushwork and incredibly light palette focusing on blues, aesthetic, with a flattened perspective, an excellent example of Abstract greens, and white. angular figures, and unrealistic proportions. Expressionism ARTISTIC STYLES REALISM ABSTRACT  Reialism ABSTRACT STYLE US E S RECOGNIZABLE IMAGE S WITH A HIGH STYLE IS BASED ON A LEVE L OF ACCURACY IN THE IR DE P ICTION. NATURALIS M ALS O INCLUDE S THE IDE ALIZE D OBJ E CT: RECOGNIZABLE OBJECT BUT WHICH ONE THAT IS MODIFIED TO ACHIEVE A IS THEN MANIPULATED BY KIND OF PERFECTION WITHIN THE BOUNDS OF AESTHETICS AND FORM. DISTORTION, SCALE ISSUES William OR OTHER ARTISTIC DEVICES. ABSTRACTION CAN BE CREATED BY EXAGGERATING FORM, SIMPLIFYING SHAPES OR THE USE OF STRONG COLORS William Sydney Mount’s painting The Bone Player Georgia O’Keeffe’s Birch and Pine Trees -- Pink  ANY ARTWORK SHOULD stimulate / cover - FORM AND CONTENT ( form is what you see – content is what you feel / understand..) - AESTHETICS (imitationalism - formalism -emotionalism ) ARTISTIC CATEGORIES ( fine art- decorative arts / applied -popular culture) - ARTISTIC STYLES SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE PERSPECTIVES - AESTHETICS - (imitationalism - formalism -emotionalism ) AESTHETIC THEORIES. - THE CHIEF GOAL OF AESTHETICS IS TO ANSWER THE QUESTION ―WHAT IS SUCCESSFUL ART? - IMITATIONALISM - FORMALISM - EMOTIONALISM AESTHETIC THEORIES IMITATIONALISM / Mimetic (IMITATIONALISM= LITERAL QUALITIES ) FOCUSES ON REALISTIC PRESENTATION OF SUBJECTS MATTER. The aesthetic theory known as imitationalism applies to artworks that look realistic. These artworks contain recognizable, realistic looking objects and scenes that closely imitate what we see in the real world. The primary purpose of imitationalist art is to portray the subject matter as realistically as possible. An imitationalist artwork is judged as good if it accomplishes this to a high degree. If the primary purpose of the artwork is to show us how Something looks in real life, then it belongs in this category. (Imitational artworks are sometimes referred to as "representational" because they Represent what we see in the real world.) Jan Gossaert (Netherlandish, c. 1478 – 1532 ), Portrait of a Merchant, c. 1530. Pil on panel. Washington, National Gallery AESTHETIC THEORIES FORMALISM DESIGN QUALITIES - Places emphasis on the design qualities, the arrangement of the elements of art using the principles of design. - Formalist artworks may have no recognizable objects. If it does have recognizable objects, they are often distorted or portrayed in an abstract way. They are not intended to look realistic. - A formalist artwork is considered to be successful if the artist has created a visually interesting design. AESTHETIC THEORIES EMOTIONALISM: EXPRESSIVE QUALITIES - Focusing on strong communication of feelings, moods, or ideas from the work to the viewer. - The aesthetic theory known as emotionalism stresses the expressive qualities in an artwork. The primary purpose of an emotionalist artwork is to vividly communicate moods, feelings and ideas to the viewer. These artworks are often shocking or grotesque and may call your attention to a troubling social issue. They may be either realistic looking or abstract. Whatever the method, the main point of the artwork is to get the viewer's attention in a dramatic way and to impact the viewer's emotions. A good emotionalist artwork will succeed in getting the artist's message across. - Note: Many artworks depict characters showing emotions. However, Edvard Munch an artwork would not usually be classified as emotionalist unless the The Scream 1893 emotion being expressed was the primary purpose of the artwork. Oil on Cardboard EMOTIONALISM Some philosophies of art are based on respect for intense human feelings and originality. When critiquing such works look for the following: First Impression The work expresses a definite feeling or emotion. Design The proportion of parts, colour and other elements is unexpected or exaggerated. Parts may be stretched, elongated, split, multiplied or contorted. The total design is dramatic and original. It gives you a definite feeling. Subject/ Theme The subject or theme seems to come from the artist’s desire to communicate a strong feeling (the great joys, sorrows or problems of people). Caravaggio, Medusa, 1595-1598, Uffizi Gallery, Florence, Italy. The fact that we all enjoy art in different ways is what gives artists the freedom to create whatever they feel called to create.  ANY ARTWORK SHOULD stimulate / cover - FORM AND CONTENT ( form is what you see – content is what you feel / understand..) - AESTHETICS (imitationalism - formalism - emotionalism ) - ARTISTIC ROLE/ROLES (portraits-landscape -scientific illustrationstorytelling ) ARTISTIC CATEGORIES ( fine art- decorative arts / applied -popular culture) - ARTISTIC STYLES (realism –abstract ) - IS IT POSSIBLE TO DETERMINE WHETHER AN OBJECT IS ART, STRICTLY BASED ON ITS MATERIALS, FORM. OR DESIGN? WHY? BREAK Lecture 1 components - Course Plan - Definition Of Art - What Art Appreciation - Basic Art Critique Steps HOW TO ANALYZE ART Dr. REHAM ALI – Dr. M AI J. The Lacemaker  ART CRITICISM IS AN ORGANIZED SYSTEM FOR STUDYING A WORK OF ART. UPON The Starry Night, 1889 by Vincent Van Gogh CRITERIA (STANDARDS OF JUDGMENT) ARE USED TO EVALUATE A WORK OF ART. =AESTHETIC THEORIES AESTHETICS PHILOSOPHY OR STUDY OF THE NATURE OF BEAUTY AND ART ( VISUAL ANALYSIS )= FORM. X THE AESTHETIC EXPERIENCE IS YOUR PERSONAL INTERACTION WITH A WORK OF ART. John Constable, The Hay Wain, 1821  FELDMAN MODEL FOR ART CRITICISM Edmund Feldman, Professor of Art at the University of Georgia, created a very useful simple four-step method for looking at a work of art. It can be used with any art work as well as with music and dance. 1. DESCRIPTION What can be seen in the artwork? 2. ANALYSIS What relationships exist with what is seen? 3. INTERPRETATION What is the content or meaning, based on steps 1 and 2? 4. JUDGEMENT What is your evaluation of the work, based on steps1, 2, 3?  ART CRITICISM ART CRITICISM IS LIKE PLAYING DETECTIVE. YOU ASSUME THE ARTIST HAS CREATED A MESSAGE FOR YOU TO UNCOVER, AND IT‘S YOUR JOB TO DISCOVER THAT MESSAGE. IN ORDER TO ―DISCOVER THE MESSAGE, THERE ARE FOUR STEPS FOR YOU TO FOLLOW IN ORDER: HENRI DE TOULOUSE-LAUTREC, AT THE MOULIN ROUGE. 1892/1895. OIL ON CANVAS. 123 X 141 CM (48 7/16 X 55 1/2 IN.). THE ART INSTITUTE OF CHICAGO, HELEN BIRCH BARTLETT MEMORIAL COLLECTION WHILE VIEWING ARTWORK ASK YOURSELF…. WHAT DO I SEE? (DESCRIPTION) -: A WORK OF ART FROM AN OBJECTIVE POINT OF VIEW – ITS PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES, AND FORMAL CONSTRUCTION. HOW IS THE WORK ORGANIZED? (ANALYSIS) A DETAILED LOOK AT A WORK OF ART THAT COMBINES PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES WITH SUBJECTIVE STATEMENTS BASED ON THE VIEWER‘S REACTION TO THE WORK. WHAT IS THE ARTIST SAYING? (INTERPRETATION) HISTORICAL, RELIGIOUS, OR ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION THAT SURROUNDS A PARTICULAR WORK OF ART AND WHICH HELPS TO UNDERSTAND THE WORK‘S MEANING. IN THIS A SUCCESSFUL WORK OF ART? (JUDGMENT) A CRITICAL POINT OF VIEW ABOUT A WORK OF ART CONCERNING ITS AESTHETIC OR CULTURAL VALUE.  STEP 1 - DESCRIPTION THIS STEP IS MEANT TO SLOW YOUR PACE OF LOOKING AT THE ART. INSTEAD OF GIVING IT A QUICK GLANCE AND SAYING, ―I LIKE IT‖ OR ―I DON‘T LIKE IT‖, THIS STEP SLOWS YOU DOWN TO LOOK AT THE ART AND REALLY SEE IT. IN THIS STEP, WRITE THE CREDIT LINE AND DESCRIBE WHAT YOU PHYSICALLY SEE IN THE WORK OF ART. DON‘T USE EMOTIONAL WORDS AT ALL IN DESCRIBING THE WORK OF ART. INSTEAD OF ―I SEE A SAD WOMAN‖, YOU WOULD SAY ―I SEE A WOMAN‖. DON‘T MAKE ASSUMPTIONS IN YOUR DESCRIPTION. INSTEAD OF ―I SEE A MOTHER AND CHILD‖, YOU WOULD SAY ―I SEE A WOMAN AND A CHILD‖ Mary Cassatt, Baby Reaching for an Apple. 1893. Oil on canvas. 100.3 x 65.4 cm (39 ½ x 25 ¼ in). Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, Richmond, VA.  STEP 2 - ANALYSIS IN STEP 2, YOU DISCOVER HOW THE WORK IS ORGANIZED – HOW ARE THE ELEMENTS OF ART AND THE PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN USED IN THIS ART WORK? HOW HAS THE ARTIST USED LINE, SHAPE AND FORM, SPACE, COLOR, VALUE, AND TEXTURE IN HIS ART? HOW HAS THE ARTIST CREATED AND/OR USED RHYTHM, MOVEMENT, BALANCE, PROPORTION, VARIETY, EMPHAS HARMONY, AND UNITY IN HER ART? ANOTHER WAY TO LOOK AT THIS STEP IS TO DESCRIBE HOW THE ARTIST HAS DIRECTED YOUR EYE TO THE MOST IMPORTANT PART, THE NEXT ITEM IN IMPORTANCE, AND SO ON, THROUGH THE USE OF THE ELEMENTS AND PRINCIPLES. Sir Jacob Epstein, The Visitation. 1926. Bronze. 165.3 x 53.1 x 49.9 cm (65 1/3 x 20 ¼ x 18 ¼ in). Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Smithsoinian Inatitution, Washington, D.C.  STEP 3 - INTERPRETATION WHAT IS THE ARTIST SAYING TO ME? THIS IS THE STEP WHERE YOU EXPLAIN OR TELL THE MEANING OR MOOD OF THE WORK. INTERPRETATION IS WHEN YOU USE EMOTIONAL WORDS LIKE SAD, HAPPY, GLAD, CAREFREE, CALM, RELAXED, ETC. INTERPRETATION IS THE MOST DIFFICULT STEP BECAUSE THIS IS WHAT THE ART MEANS TO YOU, AND THAT MAY BE VERY DIFFERENT FROM WHAT OTHERS MIGHT THINK. YOUR INTERPRETATION IS GOING TO BE BASED ON YOUR LIFE EXPERIENCES, SO IT WILL BE DIFFERENT. YOUR INTERPRETATION IS STILL BASED ON WHAT YOU OBSERVED IN THE DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS STEPS. Rene Magritte, Golconde. 1953. Oil on canvas. 81 × 100 cm, 31.9 × 39.37 in. The Menil Collection, Houston, TX. STEP 4 - JUDGMENT YOU DETERMINE THE DEGREE OF ARTISTIC MERIT. IS THIS A SUCCESSFUL WORK OF ART? IN JUDGING A WORK OF ART, YOU NEED TO LOOK AT YOUR REACTION TO IT. SOMETIMES YOU CAN DISLIKE A WORK OF ART AND STILL THINK IT IS SUCCESSFUL. ARTISTS SOMETIMES DELIBERATELY TRY TO EVOKE A NEGATIVE REACTION. AGAIN, THERE IS NO RIGHT ANSWER! Pablo Picasso, Guernica. 1937. Oil on canvas. 349 × 776 cm, 137.4 × 305.5 in. Museo Reina Sofia, Madrid. THANK YOU