Lecture 1: Ionic Compounds 2023-2024 - University of Mosul

University of Mosul College of Medicine Lecture: (1) Subject/year: Ionic compounds 2023-2024 Lecturer: Asst.Lect. Entesar Ahmed Sulliman Department: Biochemistry Date: 24-3-2024  The AIMS of this lecture are:  Define ions and ionic compound.  Explain ionic compound.  Knowledge P...

University of Mosul College of Medicine Lecture: (1) Subject/year: Ionic compounds 2023-2024 Lecturer: Asst.Lect. Entesar Ahmed Sulliman Department: Biochemistry Date: 24-3-2024  The AIMS of this lecture are:  Define ions and ionic compound.  Explain ionic compound.  Knowledge Properties of ionic compounds.  Ionic compounds in health care.  Several salts and their medicinal uses.  Examples of ionic compound.  Intended learning outcomes: By the end of this lecture the student will be able to: 1- Define the ions and discuss chemical ionic compounds. 2- Classified compounds to ionic compounds and molecular compounds. 3- list down the examples of covalent compounds. 4- Outline to use of these compounds in medical treatment. 5- Explain the some of properties of atoms and compounds. 6- Illustrate the ionic compounds in health care. Ionic compounds lecture(1) by: Ass. lect. Entesar Ahmed  Ions Ions: An atom that has gained or lost an electron, creates a charged particle. Positive ions are called Cations Negative ions are called anions Cations are formed when atoms lose electrons Na+1, Ca+2 Anions are formed when atoms gain electrons Cl-, O-2, S-2  Covalent compounds Examples of covalent compounds: Hydrogen (H2),Oxygen (O2),Nitrogen (N2),Water (H2O),Carbon Dioxide (CO2),Methane (CH4),Ammonia (NH3),Carbon Monoxide (CO)  Ionic compound What is an ionic compound? Ionic compounds are pure substances consisting of chemically bonded ions. Ionic compounds are pure substances formed primarily by positive and negative ion attraction. ionic compounds are called Salts or Crystals.  Ionic compound The charge on an ion is determined by the number of electrons it must gain or lose to achieve the electron arrangement of the nearest noble gas. the physical and chemical properties of ions and their elements are completely different. (Ex): elemental iron is the major component of steel, showing metallic luster and a good conductor of heat and electricity. Ferric ions on the other hand exist only in combination with an ion in compounds, these compounds have none of the properties associated with metal, and the difference between elemental iron & ferrous ion is clearly illustrated by the clinical treatment of anemia. People who are anemic are deficient in ferrous ions, these people are given a compound that contains ferrous ions to cure anemia. They are not given small pieces of iron metal, the body recognizes that the element iron (Fe) & ferrous ion (Fe+2) are entirely different. Properties of ionic compounds 1. Ionic compounds have high melting as well as boiling points. 2. They are hard and brittle in nature. 3. They are good insulators. 4. They conduct electricity when dissolved in water.  Ionic compounds form crystalline structures called crystal lattices. Common table salt (NaCl)  Ionic compound examples: Chemical Chemical Common Use formula Name Ca3P2 Calcium Used as a rodenticide and in fire works phosphide KI Potassium iodine An additive of table salt used to prevent goiter Li3N Lithium nitride A reducing agent MgO Magnesium oxide Used as an antacid and laxative NaF Sodium fluoride An ingredient used in toothpast BaO Barium oxide Used in cathode ray tubes,crown glass and catalysts  Ionic compounds in health care NaCl- sodium chloride Found in: - Normal saline containing a 0.9% NaCl solution - IV bags Uses: Replenishes bodily fluid and electrolytes without changing concentration of the blood. Blood pressure maintenance, nutrient and nerve signal transmission. Treats dehydration , hemorrhage and sepsis. Na+ : water retention Cl− : helps bind oxygen and carbon dioxide to hemoglobin. NaCl- sodium chloride(cont.) Wound cleaning Eye drops Nasal drops Saline flush injection Inhalation to create mucous NaHCO3- Sodium Bicarbonate Found in:  Antacid tablets  baking soda Function: Sodium bicarbonate breaks down to create an alkaline solution that neutralizes acidity Uses: Neutralizes acidity Treats metabolic acidosis (pH ˂ 7.35) Relives heartburn NH4Cl – Ammonium chloride Ammonium cation and chloride anion Function: Ammonium chloride breaks down to form ammonia and hydrochloric acid Acidifying agent Uses: Treats metabolic alkalosis(pH ˃7.45) Treats low blood chloride levels  KCl - Potassium Chloride Made up of a potassium cation and chloride anion Medicine administered through an IV Uses: Treats hypokalemia Hypokalemia can be caused by kidney disease , excessive alcohol consumption and diuretic use Potassium is needed for proper nerve and muscle function and for balancing fluid Fe(II)SO4 – Iron Sulfate -Made up of an iron & sulfate anion. -Medication Uses: Increase iron levels Treatment for iron deficiency anemia Iron helps to produce RBCs and hemoglobin, which is necessary for carrying oxygen throughout our body  KMnO4- Potassium Permanganate Potassium cation& permanganate anion Uses: Dilute solution helps skin conditions and clean wounds E.g. fungal infections , dermatitis, deep wounds , ulcers. Cauterizing agent, antiseptic  Li2CO3- Lithium Carbonate Lithium cation & carbonate anion Medication Uses : Treats bipolar disorder & manic depression Restores the balance of brain's neurotransmitters Controls manic episodes Stabilizes mood  Several Salts and Their Medicinal Uses Name Formula Uses Sodium bicarbonate (baking NaHCO3 Antacid soda) Silver nitrate AgNO3 Germicide and antiseptic Stannous fluoride SnF2 Added to toothpaste to decrease the incidence of dental caries Calcium sulfate (plaster of Paris) (CaSO4)2.H2O Plaster casts Magnesium sulfate (Epsom salts) MgSO4.7H2O Cathartic Calcium carbonate CaCO3 Antacid Potassium permanganate KMnO4 Cauterizing agent, antiseptic Zinc oxide ZnO Base powder for calamine lotion Ferrous sulfate FeSO4 Prescribed for simple iron deficiency anemia Zinc sulfate ZnSO4 Used to treat skin conditions such as eczema Barium sulfate BaSO4 The important ingredient of a(barium cocktail) provides the contrast material for gastrointestinal radiographs Mercurous chloride (calomel) Hg2Cl2 Cathartic  Summary Ions: an atom that has gained or lost an electron, creating a charged particle. - Ionic compounds are pure substances consisting of chemically bonded ions. - Ionic compounds form crystalline structures called crystal lattices. - Ionic compounds consist of oppositely charged ions that are held together by ionic bonds. The opposite charges cancel out so ionic compounds have a net neutral charge. - Ionic compounds have many uses in industry. They are also needed by human health and other living things.  Lets check our knowlege Q – Fill the blanks: Ionic compounds form crystalline structures called --------- , For example ----------.  Activity Dear students, I would recommend you to do the following homework: Q1 Give 3 examples of the ionic compounds can be used to medical treatment. Q2 Define the following: 1.Dipole-dipole interactions 2.Van der Waals forces (Dispersion forces) References and recommended further readings: References: Textbooks for medical chemistry Chemical basis of life George H Schmid Recommended links: Ionic Compounds: Applications of Chemistry to Mineralogy https://books.google.iq/books?id=IBiLTyfpYzEC &printsec=frontcover&hl=ar#v=onepage&q&f=f alse