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Questions and Answers
What defines a cation?
What defines a cation?
- An atom that has retained both protons and neutrons
- An atom that has lost electrons (correct)
- An atom that is neutral in charge
- An atom that has gained electrons
Which statement accurately describes ionic compounds?
Which statement accurately describes ionic compounds?
- They can only be found in liquid form.
- They are formed by the attraction of positive and negative ions. (correct)
- They consist of covalently bonded molecules.
- They always exist as gases at room temperature.
Which of the following substances is classified as a covalent compound?
Which of the following substances is classified as a covalent compound?
- Calcium sulfate
- Carbon dioxide (correct)
- Sodium chloride
- Iron oxide
How do ionic compounds differ from their elemental counterparts?
How do ionic compounds differ from their elemental counterparts?
What role do ferrous ions play in medical treatment?
What role do ferrous ions play in medical treatment?
What occurs when an atom gains electrons?
What occurs when an atom gains electrons?
Which of the following descriptions best defines salts in a chemical context?
Which of the following descriptions best defines salts in a chemical context?
Which statement is true regarding the electron arrangements of ions?
Which statement is true regarding the electron arrangements of ions?
Which property is NOT associated with ionic compounds?
Which property is NOT associated with ionic compounds?
Which ionic compound is commonly used as a rodenticide?
Which ionic compound is commonly used as a rodenticide?
Sodium bicarbonate primarily acts to:
Sodium bicarbonate primarily acts to:
What is the primary use of potassium chloride in healthcare?
What is the primary use of potassium chloride in healthcare?
Which ionic compound is specifically mentioned as being used in inhalation therapy?
Which ionic compound is specifically mentioned as being used in inhalation therapy?
Which compound is used to treat metabolic alkalosis?
Which compound is used to treat metabolic alkalosis?
Iron sulfate is composed of which type of ions?
Iron sulfate is composed of which type of ions?
What characteristic of ionic compounds leads them to form crystal lattices?
What characteristic of ionic compounds leads them to form crystal lattices?
Which medication is used to restore the balance of brain neurotransmitters?
Which medication is used to restore the balance of brain neurotransmitters?
What is the primary use of sodium bicarbonate in medicine?
What is the primary use of sodium bicarbonate in medicine?
What is the role of ferrous sulfate in medical treatment?
What is the role of ferrous sulfate in medical treatment?
Which compound is known for its use in providing contrast material for gastrointestinal radiographs?
Which compound is known for its use in providing contrast material for gastrointestinal radiographs?
What type of solution is potassium permanganate primarily used for?
What type of solution is potassium permanganate primarily used for?
What characteristic of ionic compounds allows them to form crystalline structures?
What characteristic of ionic compounds allows them to form crystalline structures?
Zinc oxide is primarily used as a base powder for which purpose?
Zinc oxide is primarily used as a base powder for which purpose?
Which of the following medications is a cathartic?
Which of the following medications is a cathartic?
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Study Notes
Ions
- An atom that gains or loses an electron becomes a charged particle called an ion.
- If an atom loses electrons it becomes positively charged and is known as a cation.
- If an atom gains electrons it becomes negatively charged and is known as an anion.
- Cations form when atoms lose electrons, e.g. Na+1, Ca+2.
- Anions form when atoms gain electrons, e.g. Cl-, O-2, S-2.
Covalent Compounds
- Examples include: Hydrogen (H2), Oxygen (O2), Nitrogen (N2), Water (H2O), Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4), Ammonia (NH3) and Carbon Monoxide (CO).
Ionic Compounds
- These are pure substances formed by the attraction between positive and negative ions.
- In ionic compounds, the charge on an ion is determined by the number of electrons it needs to gain or lose in order to achieve the electron configuration of the nearest noble gas.
- Ionic compounds can be called salts or crystals.
- The physical and chemical properties of ions and their elements are entirely different.
Properties of Ionic Compounds:
- High melting and boiling points.
- Hard and brittle in nature.
- Good insulators.
- Conduct electricity when dissolved in water.
- Form crystalline structures called crystal lattices.
Common Examples of Ionic Compounds:
- Calcium phosphide (Ca3P2) is used as a rodenticide and in fireworks.
- Potassium iodine (KI) is added to table salt to prevent goiter.
- Lithium nitride (Li3N) is a reducing agent.
- Magnesium oxide (MgO) is used as an antacid and laxative.
- Sodium fluoride (NaF) is an ingredient used in toothpaste.
- Barium oxide (BaO) is used in cathode ray tubes, crown glass and catalysts.
Ionic Compounds in Healthcare
| Chemical Formula | Chemical Name | Uses |
|---|---|---|
| NaCl | Sodium Chloride | Replenishes bodily fluid and electrolytes, treats dehydration, hemorrhage and sepsis, helps maintain blood pressure, involved in nutrient and nerve signal transmission, wound cleaning, eye drops, nasal drops, saline flush injection, inhalation to create mucous |
| NaHCO3 | Sodium Bicarbonate | Neutralizes acidity, treats metabolic acidosis, relieves heartburn |
| NH4Cl | Ammonium Chloride | Acidifying agent, treats metabolic alkalosis, treats low blood chloride levels |
| KCl | Potassium Chloride | Treats hypokalemia, potassium is needed for proper nerve and muscle function and for balancing fluid, administered intravenously |
| Fe(II)SO4 | Iron Sulfate | Treats iron deficiency anemia, iron helps to produce red blood cells and hemoglobin which carry oxygen throughout the body |
| KMnO4 | Potassium Permanganate | Dilute solution helps skin conditions and cleans wounds, e.g. fungal infections, dermatitis, deep wounds, ulcers |
| Li2CO3 | Lithium Carbonate | Treats bipolar disorder and manic depression, restores the balance of the brain's neurotransmitters, controls manic episodes, stabilizes mood |
Several Salts and Their Medicinal Uses:
| Name | Formula | Uses |
|---|---|---|
| Sodium Bicarbonate (Baking soda) | NaHCO3 | Antacid |
| Silver Nitrate | AgNO3 | Germicide and antiseptic |
| Stannous Fluoride | SnF2 | Added to toothpaste to decrease the incidence of dental caries |
| Calcium Sulfate (Plaster of Paris) | (CaSO4)2.H2O | Plaster casts |
| Magnesium Sulfate (Epsom salts) | MgSO4.7H2O | Cathartic |
| Calcium Carbonate | CaCO3 | Antacid |
| Potassium Permanganate | KMnO4 | Cauterizing agent, antiseptic |
| Zinc Oxide | ZnO | Base powder for calamine lotion |
| Ferrous Sulfate | FeSO4 | Prescribed for simple iron deficiency anemia |
| Zinc Sulfate | ZnSO4 | Used to treat skin conditions such as eczema |
| Barium Sulfate | BaSO4 | Important ingredient of a barium cocktail, provides contrast material for gastrointestinal radiographs |
| Mercurous Chloride (Calomel) | Hg2Cl2 | Cathartic |
Summary
- Ions are charged particles formed when an atom gains or loses electrons.
- Ionic compounds are pure substances consisting of chemically bonded ions.
- They form crystal lattices, which are crystalline structures.
- Ionic compounds consist of oppositely charged ions held together by ionic bonds.
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