Lecture 1 Anatomy PDF

Lecture1 anatomy Anatomical Terms BMS111 Anatomical position It is the position in which the body parts are placed in the following situations: a. The body is standing in erect position. b. Palms of the han...

Lecture1 anatomy Anatomical Terms BMS111 Anatomical position It is the position in which the body parts are placed in the following situations: a. The body is standing in erect position. b. Palms of the hand and eyes are looking forwards. c. Arms are straight and beside the body. d. Feet lie close together. Anatomical planes - They are imaginary planes running across the body dividing it into sections to allow easy description of organs lying at these levels. - They are classified into vertical and horizontal planes. 1-Vertical planes - Median (Sagittal) plane It is a vertical plane runs along the midline of the body. It divides the body into two equal halves, right and left. - Paramedian (parasagittal) planes They lie at the sides of the median plane. They divide the body into two unequal parts. - Coronal plane It divides the body into two parts (anterior and posterior). 2- Horizontal planes (transverse planes) They divide the body in to upper and lower parts 1  Lecture1 anatomy Anatomical Terms BMS111 Anatomical terms related to directions 1. Anterior (ventral): it means towards the front. 2. Posterior (dorsal): it means towards the back 3. Superior (cranial, cephalic): it means upper 4. Inferior (lower or caudal): it means lower. 5. Lateral: it means away from the midline of the body 6. Medial: it means near to the midline of the body. 7. Proximal: it means close to the trunk (root of the limb) 8. Distal: it means away from the trunk (root of the limb) 2  Lecture1 anatomy Anatomical Terms BMS111 7. Superficial (external): it means near to the surface. 8. Deep (internal): it means away from the surface towards inside. 9. Ipsilateral: it means structures are in the same side. 10. Contralateral: means structures are in the opposite side. 11. Supine position: the body is lying on the back. 12. Prone position: the body is lying with the face downwards. 3  Lecture1 anatomy Anatomical Terms BMS111 Terms of Movements Extension Flexion Increasing the angle between 2 Decreasing the angle between 2 bones (straightening) bones (bending) Abduction Adduction Movement away from median Movement towards median plane plane N.B. in case of fingers and toes: abduction means movements away from the long axis of middle finger in the hand and the second toe in the foot whereas adduction means movements towards these axes. Medial Rotation Lateral Rotation Rotation towards midline Rotation away from midline 4  Lecture1 anatomy Anatomical Terms BMS111 Pronation Supination Rotation of the forearm so, the Rotation of the forearm so, the palm faces posterior palm faces anterior Inversion Eversion Rotation of the foot so, the sole Rotation of the foot so, the sole is directed inwards. is directed outwards. Retraction Protraction Moving backward Moving forward 5  Lecture1 anatomy Anatomical Terms BMS111 Depression Elevation Moving down Moving up 6