L1-Introduction To Human Anatomy PDF

University of Basrah Collage of Medicine Department of Anatomy Introduction To Human Anatomy 1st stage MC Lecturer Dr. Samer S. AL-Nussairi Specialist of Orthopedics Anatomy is the science that deals with the structures of all parts of the body and their functi...

University of Basrah Collage of Medicine Department of Anatomy Introduction To Human Anatomy 1st stage MC Lecturer Dr. Samer S. AL-Nussairi Specialist of Orthopedics Anatomy is the science that deals with the structures of all parts of the body and their function, relations microscopical organization, and process by which they developed. 2 Basrah Medical College Department Of Anatomy The word anatomy is Greek word (anatomē) means t to dissection OR Cut up 3 Basrah Medical College Department Of Anatomy  Clinical Story (1) A patient sustains sever blunt trauma to the left upper abdomen after car accident and requires surgery. Which organs are most likely to be involved ? Answer : Spleen ,left kidney ,pancreas. 4 5 The primary techniques a student should use to learn anatomy is the : Observation and Visualization Anatomy is much more than just memorization of lists of names. 7  Gross = Large Also called macroscopic anatomy involves the studying of the structures and forms which can be seen with the naked eye such as the external and internal body organs. Gross anatomy can be further subdivided into three different fields: 8 Surface anatomy (or superficial anatomy) is the study of external anatomical features without dissection as they related to internal structures.. 9 Basrah Medical College Department Of Anatomy *Is the study of all structures in a specific body area, such as the region of chest or the region of abdomen. *Studying regional anatomy helps us to understand the relation between these structures, such as how muscles, nerves, blood vessels, and other structures work together to serve a particular 10 body region. Basrah Medical College Department Of Anatomy. It’s study of structures that work together to perform a unique body function. For example, a systemic anatomical study of the skeletal system would consider the study of all the bones of the body. 11 Basrah Medical College Department Of Anatomy  (Micro = small ) It is the branch of anatomy that relies on the use of microscope to examine the smallest structures of the body (Not seen by necked eye ) 12 Basrah Medical College Department Of Anatomy 13 Basrah Medical College Department Of Anatomy Neuroanatomy is the study of the relationship between structure and function in the nervous system. Neuroanatomy includes the study of macroscopic and microscopic structures. 14 Basrah Medical College Department Of Anatomy Anatomy of the structural changes of an individual from fertilization to adulthood; includes embryology, and postnatal development. 15 Basrah Medical College Department Of Anatomy The branch of anatomy dealing with the morphologic changes in the tissues, both gross and microscopic 16 Basrah Medical College Department Of Anatomy The study of body structures by radiography and other imaging methods as ultrasound CT, MRI 17 Basrah Medical College Department Of Anatomy Study of the body structures of different species of animals 18 Basrah Medical College Department Of Anatomy The application of anatomical knowledge, in the diagnosis and treatment of disease. 19 Basrah Medical College Department Of Anatomy 20 Basrah Medical College Department Of Anatomy An imaginary lines that are used to divide the human body vertically or horizontally into sections. They are used to locate or describe the location of structures in the body. These terms are often used to describe medical imaging such as CT scans, and MRIs where the scans take pictures of the body in flat slices. Basrah Medical College Department Of Human Anatomy This is a vertical plane that divides the body into right and left parts. It runs vertically from the head through the belly and down to the toes. The plane may be in the center of the body and split it into two halves (Mid-sagittal Or Median ) OR away from the midline and split it into unequal parts (para-sagittal). sometimes called 'paramedian' planes. The plane that divides the body or an organ into an anterior (front) portion and a posterior (rear) portion. The frontal plane is often referred to as a coronal plane. (“Corona” is Latin for “crown.”) Basrah Medical College Department Of Human Anatomy Basrah Medical College Department Of Human Anatomy Basrah Medical College Department Of Human Anatomy The anatomical position is a standing position, with :  The head facing forward  The arms to the side.  The palms are facing forward with the fingers extended. The thumbs are pointing away from the body.  The feet are spaced slightly apart with the toes pointing forward. 26. Learning anatomy is similar to learning a new language. There are thousands of anatomy terms that students need to master in a very short time. Advancing in anatomy is impossible without understanding the anatomical alphabet first and foremost. 1.Terms Of Position 2.Terms Of Movement Basrah Medical College Department Of Human Anatomy. Anatomical terms are used to describe the position and relation between various structures. Main directional terms: Anterior, posterior, ventral, dorsal, proximal, distal, median, medial, lateral, superior, inferior, cranial, caudal, external, internal, superficial, deep, palmar, dorsal, plantar Basrah Medical College Department Of Human Anatomy Anterior : or ventral Anterior Posterior Describes the front Ventral Dorsal or direction toward the front of the body. Posterior or dorsal Describes the back or direction toward the back of the body. Basrah Medical College Department Of Human Anatomy Medial means Lateral means toward the away from the midline of the midline. body. Proximal means closest to Distal the point of means origin or farthest trunk of the away body.  Superior OR Cranial =above inferior OR Caudal = below. e.g. The elbow is superior (above) to the hand. The foot is inferior (below) to the knee. Basrah Medical College Department Of Human Anatomy  Superficial ( External ) means toward the body surface Deep ( Internal ) means farthest from the body surface. Basrah Medical College Department Of Human Anatomy Ipsilateral means on the same side—the right arm is ipsilateral (on the same side) to the right leg. Contralateral means on opposite side— the right arm is contralateral to the left leg. Basrah Medical College Department Of Human Anatomy Central : At or near the center. It is the opposite of “Peripheral" which means away from the center. Basrah Medical College Department Of Human Anatomy The front, or palm-side, of the hand is referred to as the palmar side The back of the hand is called the dorsal side (Dorsum ). Basrah Medical College Department Of Human Anatomy The dorsum of foot is the area facing upwards while standing. The plantar of foot is the area facing down while standing. Supine: body is lying on back Prone: face lying downward. Basrah Medical College Department Of Human Anatomy 42 Basrah Medical College - Department Of Human Anatomy  Extension :Increasing the angle between two bones ( Straight angle ) As in anatomical position. 43 Basrah Medical College - Department Of Human Anatomy Excessive extension of the parts at a joint beyond anatomical position 44 Basrah Medical College - Department Of Human Anatomy  Abduction Moving a body part away from the midline of the body. 43 Supination of the hand the when palm facing upward or forward. 44 45 Retraction Protraction 46 49 Basrah Medical College - Department Of Human Anatomy  External( lateral ) rotation Rotation of the joint away from the midline.( anterior surface facing out side laterally ) 50 Side-bending left or right 🞂 51 Basrah Medical College - Department Of Human Anatomy Movement involving flexion, abduction, extension and adduction, which occur in a sequence. e.g. shoulder joint 52 Dorsi flexion :Extension of the foot. ( movement of the foot toward the dorsum)  Dorsi flexion Planter flexion 53 Opposition brings the tip of thumb and the fingers together. Reposition is a movement that moves the thumb and the other fingers away from each other, 54 Basrah Medical College - Department Of Human Anatomy 1. Abduction 2. Adduction 3. Extension 4. Flexion 5. Opposition 6. Reposition 1 2 3 4 5 6 55 Basrah Medical College - Department Of Human Anatomy 56 Basrah Medical College - Department Of Human Anatomy