Plant Cell And Tissue Culture Lecture PDF

Prepared by Dr: zeinab Kassem Taha Definitions 1-PLANT TISSUE CULTURE is the growth of tissues or cells separate from the organism. onto a sterilized nutrient medium under controlled conditions. 2-IN VIVO GROWN NATURALLY IN THE FIELD. 3-IN VITRO GROWN IN GLASS INSIDE THE LABORATORY....

Prepared by Dr: zeinab Kassem Taha Definitions 1-PLANT TISSUE CULTURE is the growth of tissues or cells separate from the organism. onto a sterilized nutrient medium under controlled conditions. 2-IN VIVO GROWN NATURALLY IN THE FIELD. 3-IN VITRO GROWN IN GLASS INSIDE THE LABORATORY. 4-EXPLANT : SINGLE CELL CULTURE, SHOOT AND ROOT CULTURES, SOMATIC EMBRYO CULTURE, MERISTEM CULTURE, ANTHER CULTURE AND HAPLOID PRODUCTION, PROTOPLAST CULTURE AND SOMATIC CELL, EMBRYO CULTURE, OVULE CULTURE, OVARY CULTURE, ETC. 5-TOTIPOTENCY : IS THE ABILITY OF A SINGLE CELL TO DIVIDE AND PRODUCE ALL OF THE DIFFERENTIATED CELLS IN AN ORGANISM. 6-MERISTEMATIC CELL: INITIAL CELL (UNDIFFERENTIATED CELL) 7-ADULT CELL : SPECIFIC CELL (DIFFERENTIATED CELL) 8-REGENERATION: IT IS THE GENERATION OF A COMPLETE PLANT FROM ANY PART OF THIS PLANT. 9-Differentiation: transformation of plant cell from meristematic state to specific state 10-Dedifferentiation: the adult cell lose its modification and change to the meristematic state 11-Redifferentiation: the meristematic cell under certain conditions can differentiate again 12-SUBCULTURE : TRANSFERRING SOME OR ALL CELLS PERIODICALLY EVERY 4-6 WEEKS FROM OLD CULTURE TO A FRESH GROWTH MEDIUM 1-Initial state : the cell is continuously capable to divide. 2- Competent state : the cell is capable to respond to any hormone or PGR. 3- Determined state : the cell is already capable to differentiate. 4-Differentiated state: the cell has specific morphology,  Adult cells (differentiated cells) Under controlled conditions (dedifferentiation) Meristematic cells (undifferentiated cells) Mitosis Callus Under controlled conditions (Redifferentiation) ( embryo – organ –xylem- phloem- …….)  Plant tissue culture techniques and their applications in plant improvement Technique Application Seed culture Production of clean seedlings for explant or meristem culture Embryo culture Overcoming seed dormancy Ovary or ovule culture Production of haploid plants Anther or pollen grain culture Somatic embryogenesis Production of synthetic seeds Micropropagation Enhancing axillary buds