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Questions and Answers
In vitro refers to the growth of tissues in natural field conditions.
False
Dedifferentiation involves adult cells reverting to a meristematic state.
True
Totipotency allows a single cell to produce all the differentiated cells in an organism.
True
Subculture involves transferring cells from a new culture to an old growth medium every 4-6 weeks.
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Micropropagation is a method used to enhance roots and not axillary buds.
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Meristematic cells are differentiated cells that can undergo mitosis.
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Embryo culture can be applied to overcome seed dormancy.
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The differentiated state is when a cell has the potential to respond to any hormone or PGR.
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Study Notes
Plant Tissue Culture
- The growth of plant cells or tissues independent of the organism.
- Happens under controlled conditions, on a sterilized nutrient medium.
In Vivo vs. In Vitro
- In Vivo: Growing plants naturally in the field
- In Vitro: Growing on sterile media, in a laboratory
Explant
- A section of plant material used to start a culture.
- Examples: Single cells, shoots, roots, somatic embryos, meristems, anthers, protoplasts, somatic cells, embryos, ovules, and ovaries.
Totipotency
- The ability of a single cell to divide and create all the differentiated cells of an organism.
Meristematic Cells
- Undifferentiated cells, capable of ongoing division.
Adult Cells
- Specific cell types (differentiated cells) in an organism.
Regeneration
- Generating a whole plant from any part of itself.
Differentiation, Dedifferentiation, and Redifferentiation
- Differentiation: Meristematic cells transforming to specific, adult cell types.
- Dedifferentiation: Adult cells losing their specialized traits and reverting to a meristematic state under controlled conditions.
- Redifferentiation: Meristematic cells differentiating again into specific cell types.
Subculture
- Transferring cells periodically from a mature culture to fresh growth medium. Happens generally every 4-6 weeks.
Cell States During Differentiation
- Initial: Continuously dividing
- Competent: Responds to hormones (PGRs)
- Determined: Cell is capable of differentiation
- Differentiated: Cell has a specific morphology
Plant Tissue Culture Techniques and Applications
- Technique | Application
- Seed culture | Production of clean seedlings for explant or meristem culture
- Embryo culture | Overcoming seed dormancy
- Ovary/Ovule culture | Production of haploid plants
- Anther/Pollen grain culture | Production of haploid plants
- Somatic embryogenesis | Production of synthetic seeds
- Micropropagation | Enhances axillary bud production
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Description
This quiz covers the principles of plant tissue culture, including in vivo and in vitro growth, explants, and the concept of totipotency. Test your knowledge on the roles of meristematic and adult cells in plant regeneration and differentiation. Perfect for students studying botany or plant biology.
