Translation Lectures (Arabic)

## **Lecture (1)** - **Objectives** - Principles and methods of translation. - Problems and difficulties of the translation process - **Translators should be bilingual & bicultural** - They should be fluent in both Arabic and English. - The more different the cultures are, the...

## **Lecture (1)** - **Objectives** - Principles and methods of translation. - Problems and difficulties of the translation process - **Translators should be bilingual & bicultural** - They should be fluent in both Arabic and English. - The more different the cultures are, the more similar the languages become, and the easier the translation becomes. - **Translation should be informative and communicative** - The translation should accurately convey information to the reader. - The translation should be phrased in a way that is easy for the reader to understand. - This includes using a **rhetorical** language for texts like poetry. - For example, the poem “Shall I Compare thee to a Summer’s Day?.” - The translators had to consider the cultural differences between Arabic and English. - The English reader finds summer to be a beautiful time, but in Arabic, the summer is not as pleasant. - One translator translated the phrase to, “هل أشبهك بيُنادِ ربيع.” - Another translator changed the line to, “بليل صيف.” - A third translator wrote, “بسه صيف.” - This shows that the translator needs to understand the culture of the sender and receiver of the information. - **So, translation is a decision making process** - It involves deep thinking and wavering between choices and finally reaching a decision.. ## **Lecture (2)** - **Translation should bridge the gap between the source text and the target reader to raise the reader's comprehensibility.** - **Never** make the source text lose its “flavor” or “spirit.” - It is important to maintain the tone and style of the original text. - For example, if the original text is humorous, the translation should also be humorous. - We can take the Arabic phrase “**وقفت ببَابِ الخلق فطال الْوُقُوفِ**.” - This phrase has a lyrical and humorous tone, which needs to be preserved in the translation.. - **Rules of Translation** - **Rule 1: **When translating from Arabic to English, it’s best to use an active sentence unless otherwise stated. - For example, the sentence “جاء تَوَم متأخراً” should be translated as “Tom came late.” - **Rule 2: ** Pay attention to whether you need a **small** or **capital** word. - For example, “طبقي صيني الصنع” should be translated as “China **china**”, the “China” with a capital letter because it refers to the place. - You can not translate “القاهرة قبلة المُثقّفِينَ العَرَبِ” as “ Cairo is the mecca **mecca** of cultured **Arabs**” even though the capital letter is implied. - This is because “mecca” is not the intended meaning in this phrase. ## **Lecture (3)** - **August** - Renaissance - عصر النهضة - Hamlet - حاملت - God - الله سبحانه وتعالى - H - لا تجمع ودايما - Job - أيوب عليه السلام - Mass - قِرَاسِ الْكَنِيسَةِ - Mau - mau - Stop hamelitize! - بطل تردد - **Rule 3** - When translating proper nouns (like names of places or people) it’s important to pay attention to the rules of English spelling. - For example: - Damascus - دمشق - Aleppo - حلب - Tripoli - طرابلس - Plato - أفلاطون - Aristotle - أرسطو - Jaque - جاك - Chirac - شيراك - **Rule 4** - A word can have different meanings in English and Arabic. - For example, “قسم اللغات الاوروبيه” should be translated as “**Department of European Languages**.” - This applies to a wide range of words. - For example, “وزارة العدل” is not “**Department of Justive,”** but rather **“Department of Justice**.” - Similarly, “مصلحة الجمارك” should be translated as **“Customs Department.”** - **Mass Media - وسائل الإعلام** - Faculty of Mass Communication - كلية الإعلام - Ministry of information - وزارة الإعلام - **Rule 5:** Pay close attention to passive verbs. - In English, passive verbs are more common than in Arabic, and vice-versa. - For example, " ألغى الإجتماع ” should be translated as “The meeting was canceled.” - “قبض على اللص ” should be translated as “The thief was arrested.” - Sometimes, you need to convert a verb to active to maintain sense, for example: “يصوم المسلمون رمضان “ should be translated as “Ramadan is fasted by Muslims.” ## **Lecture (4)** - **Rule 6:** Avoid common mistakes when translating. - For example, “دار الأوبرا المصرية” should be translated as “Cairo Opera House,” not “دار الأوبرا بالقاهرة.” ## **Lecture (5)** - **Rule 7:** Avoid making mistakes when using transliteration. - For example: - “يقدم بحث " should be translated as “Paper in a conference.” - “Muhamadinis ” should be translated as “Islam.” - “ اعتقاد خاطئ عند الغرب بان العرب يعبدوا محمد (ص) " should be translated as “A common misconception in the West is that Arabs worship Mohammed (PBUH).” - “المشروبات الروحيه ” should be translated as “Spirits” (“alcoholic drinks”). - “الجبلين الصوتين” should be translated as “Vocal Cords.” - “أدبيات ” should be translated as “Literature.” - “استعراض الأدبيات ” should be translated as “Review of Literature.” - “Charism” should be translated into Arabic as “كاريزما.” - “Dolarization” should be translated into Arabic as “الدولة.” - “Mcponalidization” should be translated into Arabic as “المكد.” - “Talk Show” should be translated into Arabic as “برنامج حواري.” - “Porno movie.” should be translated into Arabic as “أفلام باجيه.” ## **Lecture (6)** - **Pretige - هيبه اجتماعي** - **Berestg - برستيج** - **Scanner - سكاين** - ماسح ضوئي - ماسح خوكي - **Ty Coon - تيكون** - الشوط الوَران ملك من ملوك المال. - **Human Right - حرفه** - هيئة حقوق - هيئة حقوق - Watch - الاسنان - **Seminar - حلفه دراسي** - **Clonning - الاستاح** - **Ethnic groups - جماعات عرقيه** - Taboos - محرمات - محظورات اجتماعية - لو امور غير تقال ## **Lecture (7)** - **Political Analysis - محلل** - Political observers - مراقب - Political Commentators - معلق - **Cabinet - حكومة أى مجلس وزراء ويجوز** - Government - **Care-taking government - تسير اعمال** - **Common man - رجل الشارع - layman** - **Set a plan - يضع خطه** - **Categorical specific demands - المطالب الفئويه** - **Factional demand - dups** - **Stop… from exceeding - موقف فلانا عتحده** - **His limits - There are limits** - **Critical period - فترة حساسه** - **Well established - powerful - أعتى الحكومات** - **Deeply-rooted government** ## **Lecture (8)** - Many political analysts believe that Dr. Essam Sharaf’s government is just a caretaker one. Yet, the layman asks this government to set strategic plans, meet factional demands, stop Israel from exceeding its limits, and help rebels in other Arab countries. I have to frankly say that Dr. Essam Sharaf is not a superman, and what is he asked to do in this critical phase cannot be carried out by the most established government. - **Security failive breakdown - الانفلات الأمن ** - Security Vaccuum - الفراع الامني - (Interim) transitional government - حكومة انتقالية - **Openended - اعتصام المفتوح** - Strike - إضراب. - Hunger strike - يضرب من الطعام - يصرب - To go on strike. - **Note:** The document appears to detail various lecture notes on translation and political science. - **Note:** The document is in Arabic. The transcription provides the Latin translations of Arabic words. - **Please note:** The translation of some terms may be subjective.