Skeletal System II Lecture Notes PDF

Skeletal System II lecture #6 - Appendicular Skeleton MTT, chap. 7, pgs. 181-206 I. Introduction A. composition 1. bones of the appendices 2. pelvic and pectoral girdles B. differences...

Skeletal System II lecture #6 - Appendicular Skeleton MTT, chap. 7, pgs. 181-206 I. Introduction A. composition 1. bones of the appendices 2. pelvic and pectoral girdles B. differences between male and female skeletons II. Pectoral Girdle A. clavicle 1. long, slender S shaped bone 2. articulates with sternum and scapula 3. lies horizontal in anterior, superior thorax B. scapula (shoulder blade) 1. flat, triangular shaped bone 2. lies in posterior, superior thorax d. medial margin(border) 3. components: e. lateral margin(border) a. glenoid cavity f. spine b. coracoid process g. superior & inferior angle c. acromion process h. suprascapular notch III. Upper Extremity A. humerus 1. longest, largest upper extremity bone 2. articulates proximally with scapula (glenoid cavity) 3. articulates distally with ulna and radius B. ulna C. radius 1. medial aspect of lower arm 1. lateral aspect of lower arm 2. longer than radius 2. proximal articulation w. humerus 3. elbow formed by olecranon process & ulna 4. proximal articulation w. humerus 3. distal articulation w. carpels & & radius ulna 5. distal articulates with carpels & radius D. carpels, metacarpels and phalanges 1. carpels 3. phalanges a. eight bones in 2 transverse rows a. bones of fingers (14/hand) b. learn for lab only b. 2 in thumb, 3 in fingers 2. metacarpals a. five bones, constitute palm b. numbered 1 – V, I = thumb c. heads are knuckles of hand IV. Pelvic Girdle ( 2 os coxae + sacrum + coccyx) A. ossa coxae 1. unite anteriorly at symphysis pubis 2. unite posteriorly at sacrum B. Os coxae bone 1. composed of three bones fused during development a. ilium b. ischium c. pubis 2. acetabulum – femur articulation site 3. obturator foramen acetabulum obturator foramen C. ischium 1. ischial tuberosity 2. ischial spine 3. lesser sciatic notch D. pubis 1. pubic symphysis E. ilium 1. iliac crest 2. anterior superior spine 3. anterior inferior spine 4. posterior superior spine 5. posterior inferior spine 6. greater sciatic notch V. Lower Extremity A. femur 1. longest, heaviest bone 2. articulations a. proximally – acetabulum of os coxa b. distally - tibia B. patella 1. triangular sesamoid bone 2. anterior to knee joint C. tibia D. fibula 1. larger distal leg bone 1. parallel and lateral tibia 2. articulation 2. articulation a. proximally w. femur & fibula a. proximally w. lateral tibia b. distally w. talus b. distally w. talus E. tarsals G. phalanges 1. seven bones of ankle 1. bones of toes (14/foot) 2. talus - articulates with lower leg 2. 2 in great toe, three in other toes 3. calcaneus - heel bone F. metatarsals 1. five bones of foot 2. numbered I – V (I = great toe) VI. Female vs. Male Skeletons A. general B. differences in ossa coxae 1. bones of ♂ are heavier and larger 1. ♀ pubic arch greater than 90◦ 2. ♂ pts of attachment are larger 2. ♀ pelvic brim larger & oval 3. ♀ acetabulum - more anterior 4. obturator foramen ♂ - oval ♀ - triangular I clicker question 1. Which of the labeled structures below represents a canaliculi? a. A d. D b. B e. E c. C 2. The lamella are labeled in the diagrams below by _____? a. A d. D b. B e. E D c. C C B A E  I clicker question 3. The shaft of a long bone is termed? a. diaphysis d. endosteum b. epiphysis e. parietal periosteum c. periosteum I clicker question 4. On the skull representation below, the occipital bone is labeled: a. A d. D b. B e. E c. C A C B D E I clicker question 5. Which of the following sutures is located between the parietal and temporal bones in the human skull? a. coronal d. squamosal b. lambdoidal e. sagittal c. parasagittal