Cells and Cell Processes PDF

Part 1: The Cell Theory 1. **Multiple Choice**: Who is credited with discovering and describing cells while examining cork? - a) Anton van Leeuwenhoek - b) Matthias Schleiden - c) Robert Hooke - d) Theodor Schwann **Answer**: c) Robert Hooke 2. **True or False**: The cell theory stat...

Part 1: The Cell Theory 1. **Multiple Choice**: Who is credited with discovering and describing cells while examining cork? - a) Anton van Leeuwenhoek - b) Matthias Schleiden - c) Robert Hooke - d) Theodor Schwann **Answer**: c) Robert Hooke 2. **True or False**: The cell theory states that all living organisms are made of cells. **Answer**: True 3. **Multiple Choice**: Which of the following statements is **not** part of the cell theory? - a) Cells are the basic unit of life. - b) All cells arise from non-living matter. - c) All living things are composed of one or more cells. - d) All cells come from pre-existing cells. **Answer**: b) All cells arise from non-living matter. --- ### Part 2: Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells 4. **Multiple Choice**: What is **only** found in eukaryotic cells? - a) Nucleus - b) Ribosomes - c) Plasma membrane - d) Cytoplasm **Answer**: a) Nucleus 5. **True or False**: Prokaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles. **Answer**: False 6. **Multiple Choice**: Which domain includes organisms with prokaryotic cells? - a) Eukarya - b) Bacteria - c) Fungi - d) Plantae  **Answer**: b) Bacteria --- ### Part 3: Organelles and Functions 7. **Multiple Choice**: Which of the following is responsible for synthesizing proteins? - a) Mitochondrion - b) Golgi apparatus - c) Ribosomes - d) Lysosome **Answer**: c) Ribosomes 8. **True or False**: The rough endoplasmic reticulum is studded with ribosomes and is involved in protein synthesis. **Answer**: True 9. **Multiple Choice**: What is the function of the Golgi apparatus? - a) Cellular respiration - b) Protein modification and packaging - c) Lipid synthesis - d) Waste digestion **Answer**: b) Protein modification and packaging --- ### Part 4: Protein Delivery Pathway 10. **Multiple Choice**: What is the first step in the process of protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells? - a) Protein modification in the Golgi apparatus - b) Ribosome synthesis in the nucleolus - c) Translation in ribosomes - d) Vesicle transport to the plasma membrane **Answer**: c) Translation in ribosomes 11. **True or False**: The smooth endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes proteins. **Answer**: False 12. **Multiple Choice**:  After being synthesized in the rough ER, where are proteins typically sent for modification and sorting? - a) Lysosome - b) Smooth ER - c) Golgi apparatus - d) Nucleus **Answer**: c) Golgi apparatus --- ### Part 5: Cytoskeleton 13. **Multiple Choice**: Which of the following cytoskeletal elements is involved in chromosome movement during cell division? - a) Microtubules - b) Intermediate filaments - c) Microfilaments - d) Actin filaments **Answer**: a) Microtubules 14. **True or False**: Microfilaments help with cell movement and are made of the protein actin. **Answer**: True 15. **Multiple Choice**: Which cytoskeletal structure is the thickest and helps maintain the shape of the cell? - a) Microtubules - b) Microfilaments - c) Intermediate filaments - d) Centrioles **Answer**: a) Microtubules --- ### Part 6: The Cell Membrane 16. **Multiple Choice**: What is the primary function of the cell membrane? - a) Protein synthesis - b) Energy production - c) Regulating the passage of materials into and out of the cell - d) Packaging proteins **Answer**: c) Regulating the passage of materials into and out of the cell 17. **True or False**: The cell membrane is primarily composed of a phospholipid bilayer. **Answer**: True 18. **Multiple Choice**: Which of the following is **not** found in the plasma membrane? - a) Phospholipids - b) Proteins - c) Cholesterol - d) DNA **Answer**: d) DNA --- Part 7: Organelles in Animal Cells 19. **Multiple Choice**: Which of the following organelles is referred to as the "powerhouse" of the cell? - a) Nucleus - b) Mitochondrion - c) Ribosome - d) Lysosome **Answer**: b) Mitochondrion 20. **True or False**: Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes and break down cellular waste. **Answer**: True 21. **Multiple Choice**: Which organelle is responsible for detoxification and lipid synthesis? - a) Rough ER - b) Smooth ER - c) Golgi apparatus - d) Mitochondrion **Answer**: b) Smooth ER --- ### Part 8: Differences Between Animal and Plant Cells 22. **Multiple Choice**: Which of the following is **only** found in plant cells and **not** in animal cells? - a) Mitochondria - b) Chloroplasts  - c) Nucleus - d) Ribosomes **Answer**: b) Chloroplasts 23. **True or False**: Both animal and plant cells contain a cell wall. **Answer**: False 24. **Multiple Choice**: What structure provides plant cells with rigidity and protection? - a) Plasma membrane - b) Cell wall - c) Vacuole - d) Cytoskeleton **Answer**: b) Cell wall --- ### Part 9: Energy Production 25. **Multiple Choice**: What molecule is primarily produced by the mitochondria and used as the energy currency of the cell? - a) DNA - b) ATP - c) RNA - d) Glucose **Answer**: b) ATP 26. **True or False**: Photosynthesis occurs in the mitochondria of plant cells. **Answer**: False 27. **Multiple Choice**: Which of the following is **not** involved in the production or storage of energy in cells? - a) Mitochondrion - b) Chloroplast - c) Ribosome - d) Vacuole **Answer**: c) Ribosome --- Part 10: Additional Structures in Animal Cells 28. **Multiple Choice**: Which structure is responsible for cell division in animal cells? - a) Golgi apparatus - b) Nucleolus - c) Centrioles - d) Ribosomes **Answer**: c) Centrioles 29. True or False**: The nucleus is responsible for storing genetic material and controlling cellular activities. **Answer**: True 30. Multiple Choice**: What is the function of the nucleolus within the nucleus? - a) DNA replication - b) Ribosome synthesis - c) Lipid production - d) Protein packaging **Answer**: b) Ribosome synthesis