Lec 9 Blood Pressure.pdf

Practical Physiology Lecture Nine Blood Pressure Second stage- College of Dentistry...

Practical Physiology Lecture Nine Blood Pressure Second stage- College of Dentistry PhD Student -Dheyaa Naji 1 alkafeel.edu.iq [email protected]  Blood pressure:- is a measure of the force that your heart uses to pump blood around your body. It’s typically recorded as two numbers, systolic pressure (the top number) and diastolic pressure (the bottom number), measured in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg). 2 alkafeel.edu.iq [email protected] Pulse pressure:- The difference between systolic and diastolic is the pulse pressure. A normal pulse pressure is about 40 mmHg. 3 alkafeel.edu.iq [email protected]  Systolic blood pressure:- represents the highest pressure which was reached in the arteries during the contraction of the heart. In adults it is about 120 mmHg diastolic blood pressure:- is minimum arterial pressure during diastole of the heart. In adults it is about 80 mmHg. 4 alkafeel.edu.iq [email protected] Arterial blood pressure:- is a measure of the pressure exerted by blood as it flows through the arteries. This means result Pumping blood from the left ventricle to Aorta. Arterial blood pressure is measured with a Sphygmomanometer. Blood pressure is recorded as a fraction: systolic pressure over the diastolic pressure, and expressed in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg). A typical blood pressure for a healthy adult is 120/80 mmHg 5 alkafeel.edu.iq [email protected]  Factors affecting blood pressure:- 1-Age: Blood pressure increases with age, reaching its peak at the beginning of adulthood, and then tends to decline. 2-Exercise: Physical activity increases heart health and thus increases blood pressure. 3-Stress: Stimulating the nervous system increases cardiac output and constriction of blood vessels, thus increasing blood pressure. 6 alkafeel.edu.iq [email protected]  4-Gender: Blood pressure in females is lower than in males due to hormonal changes. After at menopause, a woman's blood supply is higher pressure. 5-Medicines: many medications, including Caffeine may increase or decrease blood flow pressure. 6-Obesity: increases the risk of developing to high blood pressure. 7-Positions: sitting, standing or lying down these conditions cause a slight change in BP. 7 alkafeel.edu.iq [email protected]  8-Diurnal changes: pressure in the early morning it is at a lower level when metabolic rate is at its lowest, then rises throughout daytime peaks in the late afternoon or evening. 9-Medical Conditions: some conditions affects on blood pressure such as Cardiac output, blood volume and blood viscosity. 10-Temperature: Fever increases blood vessel dilation and thus reduces blood pressure. 8 alkafeel.edu.iq [email protected]  Measure blood pressure: Blood pressure is measured with a device called a Sphygmomanometer. The device consists of an inflatable bag that is wrapped around the upper arm, a pressure gauge, and a Stethoscope. To measure blood pressure, the bag is inflated to temporarily stop blood flow in the artery. The pressure in the bag is then slowly released while a stethoscope is used to listen to the sound of blood flowing through the artery. The first reading at which the sound of blood flow begins (systolic pressure) is recorded, and the reading ends when the sound of blood flow ends (diastolic pressure), and thus blood pressure is measured. 9 alkafeel.edu.iq [email protected]  10 alkafeel.edu.iq [email protected]  Any Question 11 alkafeel.edu.iq [email protected]  Thank you 12 alkafeel.edu.iq [email protected] Tuesday, August 24, 2021