Medical Terminology Lecture (2) MD 303 Fall 2024 PDF

Lecture (2( Medical Terminology MD 303 By:  Dr/ Heba Mahmoud Mansour  Lecturer of Pharmacology & Toxicology   Word pronunciations A medical term is easier to understand and remember when you know how to pronounce it properly. The pron...

Lecture (2( Medical Terminology MD 303 By:  Dr/ Heba Mahmoud Mansour  Lecturer of Pharmacology & Toxicology   Word pronunciations A medical term is easier to understand and remember when you know how to pronounce it properly. The pronunciation of many medical terms is based on their Greek, Latin, or other foreign origin. However, there is a trend toward pronouncing terms as they would sound in English.  Word pronunciations The pronunciation of each medical term is governed by the following rules: A vowel (a, e, i, o, u) gets a short pronunciation if it has no pronunciation mark over it, such as:  a as in hat  e as in met  i as in bin  o as in some  u as in run  Word pronunciations A short line over the vowel gives it a long pronunciation: ā as in say ē as in tea ī as in lie ō as in host ū as in sue Silent Letters and Unusual Pronunciations Letter (s) Pronunc Example Meaning iation ch k Chemical pertaining to chemistry. kem-i-kl Dys dis Dystrophy poor nourishment of dis-trō-f e tissue. Silent Letters and Unusual Pronunciations Eu u euphoria exaggerated feeling of ū-for-ē-a well-being. Gn n Gnathic pertaining to the jaw. nath-ik Ph f Pharmacy a drug dispensary. far-ma-se  Silent Letters and Unusual Pronunciations Letter (s) Pronunc Example Meaning iation Pn n Pneumonia nū-mō-nē-a Ps s Pseudo- False. Sū-dō Pt t Ptosis Dropping of the upper lid. tō-sis  Pneumonia Pneumonia is an infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs. The air sacs may fill with fluid or pus causing cough with phlegm or pus, fever, chills, and difficulty breathing. A variety of organisms, including bacteria, viruses and fungi, can cause pneumonia. Silent Letters and Unusual Pronunciations Rh r Rheumatic pertaining to rū-mat-ik rheumatism, a disorder of muscles and joints. X z Xiphoid pertaining to cartilage zif-oyd attached to the sternum. Prefixes  Prefix for numbers Prefix Meaning Example Definition Pronunciation prim/i First Primitive occurring first in time. prim-i-tiv mon/o One Monocular pertaining to one eye. mon-ok-ū-lar uni One Unicellular composed of one cell. ū -ni-sel-ū-lar  Prefix for numbers Hemi- half; one Hemisphere one half of a rounded side hem-i-sfē–r structure. Hexa Six Hexadactyly the condition of having hek-sa-dak-te-le six fingers or toes on a hand or foot. bi- Two, twice Bisexual possessing characters of bī-seksh-e-wal both sexes.  Prefix for numbers di- Two, Dimorphous having two forms (morph/o). twice d ī -mor-fus Tri- Three Triplet one of three offspring produced trip-let in a single birth. Tetra- Four Tetrahedron a figure with four surfaces. tet-rā-hē-dron Quadr- The paralysis of all four extremities Four Quadrplegia  Prefix for numbers Penta- Five Pentavalent having a valence of five. pent-ā-va-lent Multi- Many multiple consisting of many parts mul-ti-pl Multigravid multiple pregnancies. poly- many, much polysaccharide substance composed of pol-ē-sak-a-rīd many sugars.  Prefix for numbers Pan- All pancytopenia occurs when all blood cell types are decreased diplo- Double Diplopia double vision or the perception of two images of a single object centi- one hundred, centigrade The centigrade or Celsius one- scale is a unit of hundredth measurement.  Prefix for numbers iso Equal Isointense Having the same intensity as another object Olig/o- Few oliguria Below-average production of urine  Prefixes for colors Prefix Meaning Example Definition Pronunciation cyan/o Blue Cyanosis bluish discoloration of the skin due sī -a-nō-sis to lack of oxygen. erythr/ Red Erythrocyte a red blood cell. o e-rith-rō-sīt  Prefixes for colors leuk/o white, Leukoplakia white patches in the colorless lō-kō-pla-ke-ā mouth. melan/o black, dark Melanin the dark pigment that mel-a-nin colors the hair and skin. xanth/o Yellow Xanthoderma yellow coloration of the zan-thō-der-ma skin.  Prefixes for colors Chlor/ Green chlorophyll A green pigment that captures the energy of sunlight for photosynthesis  Negative prefixes Prefix Meaning Example Definition Pronunciation a-, an not; without Aseptic free of infectious ā-sep-tik organisms Anoxia absence of oxygen ān-ok-se-ā supply. Anti- Against Antidote means for an-ti-dōt counteracting a poison. Contra- against, Contraception prevention of opposite kon-tra-sep-shun conception. Dis- absence, Dissect to separate tissues for removal, dī-sekt anatomical study. separation  Negative prefixes Prefix Meaning Example Definition Pronunciation in-, im- Not Insignificant not important. in-sig-nif-i-cant Impotence unable to copulate. im-po-tens Non- Not Noninfectious not able to spread non-īn-fekshus disease. un- Not Unconscious not responsive. un-kon-shus  Prefixes for size and comparison Prefix Meaning Example Definition Pronunciation Hetero- Unequal, Heterochromia when a person's irises other het-er-o-kro-miā are different colors. Homo- Same Homothermic maintaining a constant Unchanging ho-mo-ther-mīk body temperature. Prefixes for size and comparison Macro- large Macroscopic visible with the mak-ro-skopīk naked eye. mega- large; Megabladder enlargement of the abnormally meg-a-bladder bladder. large  Prefixes for size and comparison Prefix Meaning Example Definition Pronunciation micro- small Microscopic extremely small; visible mī -krō-skop-ik only through a microscope. Neo- new Neonate a newborn infant. nē- o-nāt Normo- Normal Normovolemia normal blood volume. nor-mō-vol-ē-me-ā Pseudo- false Pseudoplegia false paralysis se-dō-plē-je-ā (suffix -plegia).  Prefixes for size and comparison Prefix Meaning Example Definition Pronunciation Post- After, behind Postpartum The period of approximately 6 weeks immediately following childbirth Trans- across Transdermal Absorbed through the unbroken skin peri- Around is the period of time when you become Perinatal pregnant and up to a year after giving birth Peri- ariund Peritoneum Membrane that separates the heart  Defining Medical Words Here are the three basic rules for defining medical words using the example term gastroenteritis. Rule #1 Define the suffix, or last part of the word. In this case, - itis, which means inflammation. Rule # 2 Define the first part of the word (which may be a word root, combining form, or prefix). In this case, the combining form gastr/o means stomach. Rule # 3 Define the middle parts of the word. In this case, enter/ means intestine.