Lec 1 Research and Its Importance PDF

ENGG 416 RESEARCH METHODS Research Preparations Mary Rose F. Persincula Associate Professor IV BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY - Alangilan CoE, Chemical Engineering Department  Learning Outcome To make the student learn the things that is needed to consider before a...

ENGG 416 RESEARCH METHODS Research Preparations Mary Rose F. Persincula Associate Professor IV BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY - Alangilan CoE, Chemical Engineering Department  Learning Outcome To make the student learn the things that is needed to consider before a research is conducted. Learning the types of research, the methodology on how to accomplish a paper, understanding how the statistical tools be utilized in understanding data is essential in order for the research to be comprehendible to the public who will be reading it.  Topic Outline 1. Definitions a. Research and its Importance b. Nature and Characteristics of Research c. Pure and Applied Research d. Thesis 2. Research Design a. Historical Design b. Descriptive Design c. Experimental Design d. Case Study Design e. Project Study/ Feasibility Study Design  Topic Outline 3. The Research Process a. Choosing A Research Topic a.1. Research of Problem and Objective b. Identifying A Mentor (Thesis Adviser) c. Safety and Ethics in Research 4. The Scientific Method a. Steps of the Scientific Research b. Common Mistakes Made By Beginning Researchers Research and Its Importance Mary Rose F. Persincula Associate Professor IV BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY - Alangilan CoE, Chemical Engineering Department  From Wikipedia: Equipment at MIT From From New York Times: photo by Hugo van Lawick / National Geographic Creative From Wikipedia: at Microscopy laboratory at Idaho National Laboratory From ORMS-Today: photo of Saul Gass in his study From Emory News Center Watch the youtube video on Research in the following link https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wt32GgQGTcI&feature =youtu.be.  GOAL 1: No Poverty GOAL 2: Zero Hunger GOAL 3: Good Health and Well-being GOAL 4: Quality Education GOAL 5: Gender Equality GOAL 6: Clean Water and Sanitation GOAL 7: Affordable and Clean Energy GOAL 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth GOAL 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure GOAL 10: Reduced Inequality GOAL 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities GOAL 12: Responsible Consumption and Production GOAL 13: Climate Action GOAL 14: Life Below Water GOAL 15: Life on Land #Envision 2030 COVID-19 Pandemic GOAL 16: Peace and Justice Strong Institutions https://www.un.org/development/desa/disabilities/about-us/sustainable-development- goals-sdgs-and-disability.html GOAL 17: Partnerships to achieve the Goal What Is Research? [9,10] Merriam-Webster (Retrieved, 12 November 2017) studious inquiry or examination investigation or experimentation aimed at the discovery and interpretation of facts, revision of accepted theories or laws in the light of new facts, or practical application of such new or revised theories or laws Online Cambridge Dictionary (Retrieved, 12 November 2017) a detailed study of a subject in order to discover information or achieve a new understanding of it Research is… Purposive, systematic, and scientific process of gathering, analyzing, classifying, organizing, presenting and interpreting data for the solution of a problem, prediction, for invention, for the discovery of truth, or for the expansion or verification of existing knowledge, all for the preservation and improvement of the quality of human life. Research is… Research is systematic, because it follows certain steps that are logical in order. These steps are: Understanding the nature of problem to be studied and identifying the related area of knowledge Reviewing literature to understand how others have approached or dealt with the problem. Collecting data in an organized and controlled manner so as to arrive at valid decisions. Analyzing data appropriate to the problem. Drawing conclusions and making generalizations. What is Scientific Research? Scientific Research is a process of inquiry. It is a process of formulating specific questions and then finding answers in order to understand nature better. Graziano and Raulin, “Research Methods: A Process of Inquiry”, 5th Edition, Chapter 1 What is Desired? We want to be good practitioners and good consumers of research work.  Why do we need research? To get PhDs, Masters and Bachelors degree To provide solutions to complex problems To investigate laws of nature To make new discoveries To develop new products To save costs To improve our life How would we want our research to be characterized? Critical, Rational, Empirical, Tested, Logical, Disciplined, Careful, Systematic Search, Rigorous, Reasoned, Measured, Solid, Evidenced, High-Quality Honest, Ethical, Original Well-Documented, Well-Explained, Well- Communicated, Clear  Ten Good Qualities of Researcher R – research oriented E – efficient S – scientific E – effective A – active R - resourceful C – creative H – honest E – economical R – religious A Categorization of Research Work Basic Research, also known as Fundamental Research or Pure Research, is designed to increase scientific understanding of phenomena, but without any particular practical goals. Applied Research focuses on finding solutions to practical problems. Graziano and Raulin, Chapter 3 Examples BASIC RESEARCH WORK APPLIED RESEARCH QUESTIONS Exploring how the brain codes, What is an effective approach to organizes, and retrieves calming children memories before and after surgery? Studying the nature of the sleep- How can nuclear power plant awake cycle and the control rooms be factors that regulate it designed to minimize operator error? Studying the factors that affect the What is the most effective auditory memory treatment for depression? of rhesus monkeys What are the best placements of Identifying the role of specific dials and levers on neurons in basic sensory machines so that worker fatigue is processing reduced? Graziano and Raulin, Chapter 3. An Interplay Basic research findings often become incorporated into applied research. Example: basic research on language development in children might be used to develop training methods for persons with language deficiencies, emotional problems, or developmental abilities. Solving practical problems requires a background of knowledge and much of that information comes from basic research. Graziano and Raulin, Chapter 3 Purpose and Goals of Research Discover new facts about known phenomena. Find answers to problems which are only partially solved by existing methods and information. Improve existing techniques and develop new instruments or products. Discover previously unrecognized substances or elements. Discover pathways of action of known substances and elements. To order related, valid generalizations into systematized science. Provide basis for decision-making in business, industry, education, government, and in other undertakings. Satisfy researcher’s curiosity. Purpose and Goals of Research Find answers to queries by means of scientific methods. Acquire a better and deeper understanding about one phenomenon. Expand or verify existing knowledge. Improve educational practices for raising the quality of school products. Promote health and prolong life Provide man with more of his basic needs. Make work, travel, and communications faster, easier, and more comfortable. Functions of Academic Institutions To Transmit Knowledge To Create Knowledge To Act as a Public Knowledge Resource From: “Getting Your Research Published”, Seminar Presentation, Raymond R. Tan, DLSU Why Do Research in Academia? To Contribute Knowledge as a Societal Good To Provide Solutions to National, Regional, and World Problems To Enrich the National Talent Pool with individuals able to compete in a Knowledge-Based Global Economy To Enhance the University’s International Reputation (and hence, the value of the degrees granted) From: “Getting Your Research Published”, Seminar Presentation, Raymond R. Tan, DLSU  Research Agencies STRIDE Examples of Engineering Research Development of novel methods or algorithms to solve specific problems Design, fabrication, testing or prototype Development of models to describe physical systems Experimental investigation of physical phenomena  Thrusts and Priorities The University shall pursue thrusts and priorities which may be subjected to review at least annually by each area: Architecture, Engineering and Technology; Agriculture and Natural Science; Environment and Biodiversity; Entrepreneurial and Business; and Education, Mathematics and Social Sciences to make the Research Program of the University responsive to the emerging needs and environmental changes and development depending on research competencies available, appropriateness to the local needs and availability of the resources. The following thrusts and priorities are based on the national, regional and provincial agenda of the government identified through agenda setting and road mapping among research personnel, deans, faculty researchers, students and external stakeholders.  Thrusts and Priorities Food Energy Environment Health and Medical Sciences; Material Science and Engineering; Information and Communications Technology; Manufacturing and Process Engineering; Science and Mathematics; and Education and Social Sciences.  CEAFA RESEARCH CLUSTERS National Integrated Basic Agriculture, Aquatic, and Natural Research (NIBRA) Health Resources Water Security Drug Discovery and Development Agriculture- Crops and Livestock Food and Nutrition Security Diagnostics Fisheries and Aquaculture Health Sufficiency Functional Foods Forestry Hospital Equipment and Biomedical Clean Energy Devices Natural Resources and Environment Information and Communication Sustainable Communities Technology for Health Technology Transfer Socio-economics and Policy Inclusive Nation Building Dengue Research Nutrition and Food Safety Disaster Risk Reduction - Health Climate Change Adaptation - Health Omic Technologies for Health  CEAFA RESEARCH CLUSTERS Industry, Energy, and Emerging Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Technology Adaptation Engineering Education Engineering Learning & Problem Food and Nutrition Security Observation and Monitoring Networks Solving Technology Development and Application for Countryside Development Monitoring Technology Enhanced Learning Modeling & Simulation for Improvement of Competitive Industries Monitoring & Forecasting Online Engineering Education Delivery of Social Services Hazards, Vulnerability, and Risk Assessments K-12 STEM Education Intelligent Transportation Creating Quality Graduate Solutions Warning and Risk Communication Students Renewable Energy and Energy Technology Development and Application Engineering Workplace and Storage Solutions Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation Training Technology Development & Application for Human Security Disaster Risk Management Undergraduate Research Advancing diversity, inclusion, and Policy Research equity Outcome Based Education in Engineering Policy Research  CEAFA RESEARCH AGENDA Engineering Development Program (2021-2025)  OSAS Research Program The BatStateU Research Program for Student Affairs and Services is a year- round research, collaboration and mentoring program for OSAS personnel and BatStateU students, who want to assist in discovering the needs of the institutional community, validate new strategies, techniques and interventions in terms of student affairs and services. The OSAS Director and or Assistant Directors under the office together with OSAS Head Coordinators or Facilitators begin the research activity before the end of first semester through a research topic proposal presented to the VPAA and or OSAS Director. The person involved in each research completes the fist portion of a written research report which indicates a review of relevant literature, background and identification of objectives to better define the research interests 3 to 5 months after the proposal. The individual or group of researchers, lead by  OSAS Research Program OSAS unit head, who have successfully completed the first portion of the research report continue into complete the research by gathering the needed data for presentation, analysis and interpretation. The research findings are presented 12 months after the research title presentation. The researchers may present the manuscript by poster and or oral presentation in the OSAS and other research forum or conferences. Eligibility The program is open to OSAS Personnel and BatStateU students of all disciplines, including social science, humanities, fine arts and STEM. Persons involved must be interested in pursuing a research to improve institutional services and strategies.  Phases of a Research Study IDEA GENERATION PROBLEM DEFINITION CONCEPTUALIZATION DESIGN OF PROCEDURES OBSERVATION EXECUTION DATA ANALYSIS DOCUMENTATION INTERPRETATION COMMUNICATION Graziano and Raulin, Chapter 2 General Structure of a Research Journal Jia, Chao; Bian, Huiyang; Gao, Tingting; Jiang, Feng; Kierzewski, Iain Michael; Wang, Yilin; Yao, Yonggang; Chen, Liheng; Shao, Ziqiang; Zhu, J. Y.; and Hu, Liangbing. (2017). Thermally Stable Cellulose Nanocrystals toward High-Performance 2D and 3D Nanostructures. American Chemical Society. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2017, 9, 28922−28929. DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b08760. Abstract Citation Details: Title and Author Graphical Abstract Introduction Citation Details: Publication, and Digital Object Identifier (DOI) Results and Discussion Experimental Section or Methods Figure Conclusion Acknowledgment References  Assessment Answer the following: What is research and how this helps humanity? Enumerate the 17 sustainable development goals of United Nation based on World Economic Forum. Provide an example to differentiate basic from applied research. Why do students need to do research and how this will help in their future profession? References https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f5/Alcator_C-Mod.jpg, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Alcator_C-Mod.jpg https://www.nationalgeographic.org/article/jane-goodall/ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Microscopy_lab.jpg https://pubsonline.informs.org/do/10.1287/orms.2013.03.11/full/ https://news.emory.edu/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wt32GgQGTcI&feature=youtu.be https://www.un.org/development/desa/disabilities/about-us/sustainable-development-goals-sdgs-and-disability.html Department of Health, World Health Organization (August 2, 2021). Philippines Coronavirus Disease 2021 (COVID-19) Situation Report #82. Available at https://www.who.int/philippines/internal-publications-detail/covid-19-in-the-philippines- situation-report-82 https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/research. Accessed last November 12, 2017. https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/research?q=Research. Accessed last November 12, 2017. Calmorin, L.P., Calmorin, M.A. (1995), Methods of Research and Thesis Writing, Rex Bookstore, Inc., Quezon City Graziano, Anthony M.; Michael L. Raulin. (2004). Research Methods: A Process of Inquiry. Allyn and Bacon. Raymond R. Tan (n.d.). Getting your Research Published. Seminar Presentation. De La Salle University – Manila. https://www.nsf.gov/ http://www.nrcp.dost.gov.ph/research-grants http://maswais.batstate-u.edu.ph/rde/ Jia, Chao; Bian, Huiyang; Gao, Tingting; Jiang, Feng; Kierzewski, Iain Michael; Wang, Yilin; Yao, Yonggang; Chen, Liheng; Shao, Ziqiang; Zhu, J. Y.; and Hu, Liangbing. (2017). Thermally Stable Cellulose Nanocrystals toward High-Performance 2D and 3D Nanostructures. American Chemical Society. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2017, 9, 28922−28929. DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b08760.